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Table 1 Characteristics of participants and sociodemographic determinants associated with knowledge towards hepatitis B (n = 764)

From: Knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among households in Malaysia: a community-based cross-sectional survey

Variable

Frequency (%)

Mean score (±SD)

p-valuea

Knowledge (good/poor)

Univariate logistic (good vs. poor)

Multivariate logistic (good vs. poor)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Gender

  

0.497

     

 Male (R)

416 (54.5)

15.07 (3.77)

 

165/251

1

 

1

 

 Female

348 (45.5)

14.78 (3.74)

 

117/231

0.77 (0.57–1.04)

0.085

0.77 (0.54–1.10)

0.150

Age (years old)

  

0.001**

     

 25–34 (R)

275 (36.0)

14.77 (3.79)

 

95/180

1

 

1

 

 35–44

232 (30.4)

15.64 (3.33)

 

104/128

1.54 (1.08–2.20)

0.018*

1.68 (1.14–2.46)

0.008**

 45–54

162 (21.2)

14.89 (3.98)

 

59/103

1.09 (0.72–1.63)

0.692

1.22 (0.78–1.90)

0.392

 55 and above

95 (12.4)

13.81 (3.94)

 

24/71

0.64 (0.38–1.08)

0.096

0.74 (0.38–1.42)

0.359

Ethnicity

  

0.002**

     

 Indian (R)

125 (16.4)

14.05 (4.03)

 

34/91

1

 

1

 

 Malay

453 (59.3)

15.32 (3.52)

 

185/268

1.85 (1.19–2.86)

0.006**

1.68 (1.07–2.65)

0.026*

 Chinese

182 (23.8)

14.56 (4.01)

 

61/121

1.35 (0.82–2.22)

0.240

1.17 (0.69–1.98)

0.573

 Others

4 (0.5)

16.50 (1.73)

 

2/2

2.68 (0.36–19.76)

0.334

3.69 (0.48–28.54)

0.211

Marital status

  

0.247

     

 Single (R)

147 (19.2)

14.48 (4.12)

 

49/98

1

   

 Married

600 (78.5)

15.05 (3.67)

 

225/375

1.20 (0.82–1.76)

0.348

–

–

 Widowed and divorced

17 (2.2)

15.18 (3.19)

 

8/9

1.78 (0.65–4.89)

0.265

  

Employment status

  

0.041*

     

 Public sectors (R)

101 (13.2)

16.08 (3.00)

 

45/56

1

 

1

 

 Private sectors

222 (29.1)

14.91 (3.89)

 

85/137

0.77 (0.48–1.24)

0.288

0.92 (0.56–1.53)

0.752

 Self-employment

184 (24.1)

14.63 (3.93)

 

67/117

0.71 (0.44–1.17)

0.179

0.88 (0.51–1.50)

0.633

 Student

27 (3.5)

14.67 (3.50)

 

9/18

0.62 (0.26–1.52)

0.297

0.67 (0.26–1.72)

0.399

 Retired

54 (7.1)

14.17 (4.01)

 

18/36

0.62 (0.31–1.24)

0.177

1.11 (0.49–2.51)

0.803

 Unemployed

156 (20.4)

14.90 (3.62)

 

51/105

0.60 (0.36–1.01)

0.056

1.00 (0.55–1.81)

0.995

 Others

20 (2.6)

15.10 (3.87)

 

7/13

0.67 (0.25–1.82)

0.432

1.13 (0.39–3.29)

0.828

Educational attainment

  

< 0.001**

     

 Illiterate or primary school (R)

51 (6.7)

12.45 (4.87)

 

10/41

1

 

1

 

 Secondary education

361 (47.3)

14.83 (3.43)

 

120/241

2.04 (0.99–4.22)

0.054

1.60 (0.75–3.45)

0.228

 Diploma/certificate

193 (25.3)

15.24 (3.80)

 

77/116

2.72 (1.29–5.76)

0.009**

1.76 (0.77–4.02)

0.180

 Degree holder

131 (17.1)

15.37 (3.89)

 

60/71

3.47 (1.60–7.50)

0.002**

2.28 (0.95–5.44)

0.064

 Postgraduate

28 (3.7)

16.75 (2.27)

 

15/13

4.73 (1.72–13.05)

0.003**

3.20 (1.06–9.62)

0.038*

Family income (RM)

  

0.002**

     

  ≤ 2000 (R)

183 (24.0)

14.08 (4.06)

 

51/132

1

 

1

 

 2001–3000

178 (23.3)

14.79 (3.53)

 

56/122

1.19 (0.76–1.87)

0.455

1.02 (0.63–1.63)

0.949

 3001–4000

125 (16.4)

15.31 (2.88)

 

45/80

1.46 (0.89–2.37)

0.131

1.22 (0.73–2.04)

0.448

 4001–5000

88 (11.5)

15.25 (3.64)

 

37/51

1.88 (1.10–3.20)

0.020*

1.63 (0.92–2.90)

0.093

  > 5000

190 (24.9)

15.52 (4.07)

 

93/97

2.48 (1.61–3.82)

< 0.001**

1.87 (1.15–3.06)

0.012*

  1. *Significance at 0.05
  2. **Significance at 0.01
  3. aAnalysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
  4. CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, R reference group, RM Ringgit Malaysia, SD standard deviation
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