Table 3 Final multivariate model of risk factors for psychological distress among adolescent girls (aged 13–14 years) in north Karnataka, south India, 2014

 Orphan hood (Ref – no)

–

  Yes

1.4 (1.0–2.0)

0.05

 Literate household head (Ref – no)

–

  Literate

0.8 (0.6–1.0)

0.08

 Household wealth index (Ref – poorest)

–

  Medium

1.7 (1.2–2.3)

0.002

  Richest

1.5 (1.1–2.0)

0.02

 District (Ref – Bagalkote)

–

–

  Vijayapura

0.6 (0.4–0.7)

< 0.001

2.5 (1.6–4.1)

< 0.001

 Started Menstruating (Ref – no)

–

  Yes

0.7 (0.5–0.9)

0.003

 Sexual abuse ever (Ref – no)

–

  Yes

11.9 (3.0–47.0)

< 0.001

 Recent eve teasing (Ref – no)

–

–

  Yes

1.5 (1.0–2.4)

0.07

2.9 (1.6–5.4)

0.001

   Pre-Menarche (Ref – no)

0.7 (0.3–1.9)

0.5

0.9 (0.1–7.4)

0.9

   Menarche (Ref – no)

1.9 (1.2–3.3)

0.01

3.5 (1.8–7.0)

< 0.001

  Yes

3.9 (1.8–8.2)

< 0.001

 Marital status (Ref – Unmarried)

–

  Engaged

2.9 (0.9–9.7)

  Married

0.9 (0.4–1.7)

 Schooling status (Ref – In school)

–

  Frequent absenteeism

2.8 (1.5–5.5)

  Dropped out of school

2.1 (1.0–4.3)

  Membership and participation in informal groups (Ref –None/ Low)

–

  Medium/high

0.5 (0.4–0.6)

  New friends past year (Ref – no)

–

   Yes

0.7 (0.6–1.0)

  Can talk to family if something troubling you (Ref – no)

–

   Yes

0.2 (0.1–0.5)

  Have someone can talk to if conflict with parents (Ref – no)

–

   Yes

0.6 (0.4–0.7)