Table 1 Reported endpoints

Al-Turki2014 ¹⁰

pH of semen, testosterone level, FSH level, LH level, prolactin level

Al-Turki2016 ¹¹

Serum testosterone, semen pH

Anifandis2014 ¹²

Sperm immotility

Caserta2012 ¹³

Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia, FSH level, LH level

Cui2016 ¹⁴

Abnormal sperm head, abnormal sperm body, abnormal sperm tail

Gaur2007 ¹⁵

Oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia, teratozoospermia

Meri2013 ¹⁶

Serum pH

Mitra2012 ¹⁷

Asthenozoospermia (reduced motility), oligozoospermia (low sperm count), teratozoospermia (sperm with abnormal morphology), azoospermia (no sperm count), immotility, sperm head defect, sperm tail defect

Trummer2002 ¹⁸

Asthenozoospermia, oligozoospermia, teratozoospermia, azoospermia, testosterone, FSH level, LH level, prolactin level

Mostafa2006 ¹⁹

Amorphous sperm head, pathological sperm midpiece, pathological sperm tails

Osser1992 ²⁰

Amorphous sperm head, pathological sperm midpiece, pathological sperm tails

Yu2013 ²¹

Sperm immotility

Zhang2013 ²²

Semen pH, sperm head defects, sperm neck defect, sperm tail defect

Zhang2015 ²³

FSH level, LH level, testosterone level

Dikshit1987 ²⁴

Immotility of sperms and abnormal morphology

Kunzle2003 ²⁵

pH, immotility of sperms and abnormal morphology