Consumption of energy drinks among adolescents in Norway: a cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health

Table 4 ED consumers and high consumers with adjusted^a odds ratios (OR)

Variable	Total sample	ED consumers			High consumers
Variable	n	n	OR	95% CI	n	OR	95% CI
Total sample	31,091	16,258			1090
School level
Lower secondary school^b	19,268	9949	1		638	1
Upper secondary school^c	11,823	6309	1.07	[1.02–1.12]	452	1.10	[0.96–1.25]
Gender
Female	15,530	9412	1		226	1
Male	14,581	6324	2.62	[2.50–2.75]	815	3.66	[3.14–4.26]
Residency^d
Urban	14,394	7218	1		430	1
Rural	16,697	9040	1.18	[1.13–1.24]	660	1.31	[1.15–1.50]
Socioeconomic status
Group 5 Highest	6148	2785	1		162	1
Group 4	6475	3289	1.21	[1.12–1.30]	188	1.03	[0.82–1.30]
Group 3	6145	3236	1.30	[1.20–1.40]	206	1.19	[0.95–1.49]
Group 2	6229	3444	1.44	[1.33–1.55]	244	1.34	[1.08–1.67]
Group 1 Lowest	6084	3499	1.55	[1.43–1.67]	288	1.42	[1.15–1.76]
Frequency of physical activity^e
Often	25,791	13,380	1		771	1
Seldom	4351	2325	0.95	[0.89–1.02]	222	1.42	[1.20–1.68]
Never	573	317	0.93	[0.78–1.12]	62	2.50	[1.84–3.39]
Leisure screen time
Less than two hours	6755	2619	1		114	1
Two-three hours	7117	3446	1.53	[1.42–1.64]	145	1.22	[0.94–1.58]
Three-four hours	7614	4138	1.90	[1.77–2.04]	208	1.60	[1.26–2.04]
Four-six hours	5427	3263	2.31	[2.14–2.50]	213	2.18	[1.71–2.76]
More than six hours	3840	2598	3.03	[2.77–3.31]	379	4.92	[3.93–6.16]

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval. High consumers were defined as drinking ED four times or more weekly. ^a Adjusted for the other variables in the table. ^b Lower secondary school includes grades 8–10 and ages 12–15 years ^c Upper secondary school includes grades 11–13 and ages 15–19 years ^d Urban residency: municipalities with ≥ 20,000 residents, rural residency: municipalities with < 20,000 residents. ^e Often: once a week or more, seldom: once to twice a month or less

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