Associations of body mass index and diabetes with hip fracture risk: a nationwide cohort study

Huang, Hsiu-Ling; Pan, Cheng-Chin; Hsiao, Yu-Fen; Chen, Ming-Chih; Kung, Chuan-Yu; Kung, Pei-Tseng; Tsai, Wen-Chen

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6230-y

BMC Public Health

Table 1 Participant demographics with descriptive statistics

From: Associations of body mass index and diabetes with hip fracture risk: a nationwide cohort study

Variable	Total	%	Non-diabetes		Diabetes		p-value	BMI < 18.5		18.5≦BMI < 24		24 ≦ BMI < 27		27 ≦ BMI < 30		BMI≧30		p-value
Variable	Total	%	N	%	N	%	p-value	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	p-value
Total	22,048	100.00	18,540	84.09	3508	15.91		786	3.56	10,858	49.25	6474	29.36	2742	12.44	1188	5.39
BMI							< 0.001
BMI < 18.5	786	3.56	711	3.83	75	2.14
18.5 ≦ BMI < 24	10,858	49.25	9581	51.68	1277	36.40
24 ≦ BMI < 27	6474	29.36	5358	28.90	1116	31.81
27 ≦ BMI < 30	2742	12.44	2098	11.32	644	18.36
BMI≧30	1188	5.39	792	4.27	396	11.29
Diabetes																		< 0.001
No	18,540	84.09	–	–	–	–		711	90.46	9581	88.24	5358	82.76	2098	76.51	792	66.67
Yes	3508	15.91	–	–	–	–		75	9.54	1277	11.76	1116	17.24	644	23.49	396	33.33
Hip Fracture							< 0.001											< 0.001
No	21,733	98.57	18,308	98.75	3425	97.63		758	96.44	10,689	98.44	6396	98.80	2712	98.91	1178	99.16
Yes	315	1.43	232	1.25	83	2.37		28	3.56	169	1.56	78	1.20	30	1.09	10	0.84
Sex							0.036											< 0.001
Male	10,908	49.47	9230	49.78	1678	47.83		312	39.69	4944	45.53	3607	55.72	1474	53.76	571	48.06
Female	11,140	50.53	9310	50.22	1830	52.17		474	60.31	5914	54.47	2867	44.28	1268	46.24	617	51.94
Age							< 0.001											< 0.001
40–49	9015	40.89	8287	44.70	728	20.75		301	38.30	4728	43.54	2503	38.66	1039	37.89	444	37.37
50–59	6347	28.79	5177	27.92	1170	33.35		176	22.39	2877	26.50	2031	31.37	871	31.77	392	33.00
60–69	3616	16.40	2715	14.64	901	25.68		108	13.74	1652	15.21	1138	17.58	509	18.56	209	17.59
70–79	2274	10.31	1740	9.39	534	15.22		119	15.14	1149	10.58	632	9.76	259	9.45	115	9.68
≧80	796	3.61	621	3.35	175	4.99		82	10.43	452	4.16	170	2.63	64	2.33	28	2.36
Urbanization of residence area							< 0.001											0.297
1 & 2	10,027	45.48	8524	45.98	1503	42.84		356	45.29	5016	46.20	2947	45.52	1180	43.03	528	44.44
3 & 4	7234	32.81	6096	32.88	1138	32.44		255	32.44	3521	32.43	2122	32.78	940	34.28	396	33.33
5–7	4787	21.71	3920	21.14	867	24.71		175	22.26	2321	21.38	1405	21.70	622	22.68	264	22.22
Monthly salary (NTD)							< 0.001											< 0.001
≦ 17,280	2578	11.69	2373	12.80	205	5.84		136	17.30	1343	12.37	680	10.50	280	10.21	139	11.70
17,281–22,800	9925	45.02	8149	43.95	1776	50.63		329	41.86	4864	44.80	2935	45.34	1254	45.73	543	45.71
22,801–36,300	5121	23.23	4255	22.95	866	24.68		197	25.06	2459	22.65	1499	23.15	667	24.33	299	25.17
> 36,300	4424	20.07	3763	20.30	661	18.84		124	15.78	2192	20.19	1360	21.01	541	19.73	207	17.42
CCI							< 0.001											< 0.001
0	16,988	77.05	14,507	78.25	2481	70.72		550	69.97	8439	77.72	5042	77.88	2110	76.95	847	71.30
1–3	4303	19.52	3376	18.21	927	26.43		189	24.05	2017	18.58	1240	19.15	563	20.53	294	24.75
≧ 4	757	3.43	657	3.54	100	2.85		47	5.98	402	3.70	192	2.97	69	2.52	47	3.96
DCSI							< 0.001											< 0.001
0	20,784	94.27	17,703	95.49	3081	87.83		737	93.77	10,300	94.86	6096	94.11	2565	93.54	1089	91.67
≧ 1	1264	5.73	837	4.51	427	12.17		49	6.23	558	5.14	381	5.89	177	6.46	99	8.33
Weekly energy expended of calories in exercise							< 0.001											< 0.001
No exercise	12,001	54.43	10,216	57.02	1785	51.49		464	64.27	5881	55.96	3434	54.25	1522	57.00	700	60.66
< 500 kcal/week	3630	16.46	3045	16.99	585	16.87		142	19.67	1980	18.84	1029	16.26	345	12.92	134	11.61
≧ 500 kcal/week	5755	26.10	4658	25.99	1097	31.64		116	16.07	2649	25.20	1867	29.49	803	30.07	320	27.73
Missing	662	3.00

BMI body mass index, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, DCSI diabetes complication severity index
NTD New Taiwan Dollar, 32 NTD = 1 US dollar
Urbanization of residence area (Level 1 was the most urbanized)
p-value: chi-square test

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