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Table 3 Separate multivariate linear regression models estimating the association between medication-related financial burden and self-reported and medication-refill adherence, adjusting for covariates

From: Impact of financial burden, resulting from prescription co-payments, on antihypertensive medication adherence in an older publically insured population

 

Model 1 - MMAS-8

Model 2 - PDC

β

95% CI

p

β

95% CI

p

Financial Burden

−0.29

−0.48 - -0.11

0.002

−2.76

−5.65 - 0.14

0.062

Age

− 0.15

− 0.46 - 0.16

0.341

1.28

−1.74 - 4.31

0.401

Male

− 0.19

− 0.36 - -0.03

0.019

− 0.68

−3.14 - 1.78

0.585

Education

 Secondary

−0.06

− 0.23 - 0.12

0.513

−1.02

−3.70 - 1.65

0.449

 Third-Level

0.02

−0.22 - 0.26

0.872

−2.94

−7.38 - 1.50

0.191

Marital Status

 Single/Divorced/Widow

−0.07

− 0.25 - 0.11

0.421

0.17

−1.86 - 2.20

0.866

 Private Health Insurance

0.01

−0.15 - 0.17

0.896

1.42

−0.79 - 3.64

0.205

 Current Smoker

−0.25

−0.56 - 0.07

0.123

−1.84

−6.48 - 2.80

0.432

 Heart Attack

−0.18

−0.44 - 0.08

0.169

1.06

−1.99 - 4.11

0.492

 Angina

0.09

−0.19 - 0.37

0.532

0.06

−2.12 - 2.24

0.958

 Stroke

0.15

−0.33 - 0.64

0.530

−0.89

−7.50 - 5.71

0.789

 No. of comorbidities

−0.05

−0.12 - 0.01

0.123

0.07

−0.57 - 0.72

0.829

 No. of regular medicines

0.04

0.01–0.07

0.007

0.53

0.17–0.89

0.005

 Use of MDUs

−0.32

−0.63 - -0.01

0.041

−0.14

−2.97 - 2.68

0.920

 AHT Dosing Frequency

0.07

−0.09 - 0.23

0.397

−0.68

−3.20 - 1.84

0.594

 AHT WHO-DDD

0.02

−0.03 - 0.06

0.451

0.01

−0.45 - 0.47

0.975

 Angiotensin acting agents

−0.01

−0.24 - 0.22

0.955

−0.45

−3.46 - 2.55

0.764

 Alpha-blockers

−0.17

−0.60 - 0.25

0.418

−0.40

−4.04 - 3.24

0.828

 Beta-blockers

−0.07

−0.26 - 0.12

0.451

1.13

−0.97 - 3.23

0.287

 Calcium Channel Blockers

−0.01

−0.18 - 0.15

0.868

0.52

−1.80 - 2.84

0.657

 Diuretics

0.01

−0.16 - 0.17

0.945

−0.98

−3.25 - 1.30

0.396

 BMQ-Specific Concerns

−0.12

−0.25 - 0.005

0.059

−0.72

−2.38 - 0.93

0.388

 BMQ-Specific Necessity

0.14

0.021–0.27

0.022

−0.05

−1.38 - 1.27

0.936

  1. AHT = antihypertensive, BMQ = beliefs about medication questionnaire, MDU = multi-dose units. Standard errors were adjusted using the Sandwich-Estimator due to potential clustering effect at the pharmacy level. Model 1 (n = 653) and Model 2 (n = 481); n is smaller due to missing data across covariates
  2. Permission to use the MMAS scales is required. Reproduction and distribution of the MMAS is protected by US copyright laws. A license agreement to use the scale is available from: Donald E. Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095–1772, dmorisky@gmail.com.
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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