Pedestrian smartphone overuse and inattentional blindness: an observational study in Taipei, Taiwan

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Outcome behaviors and different distracting activities (N = 2556)

	Using smartphone when crossing (%) (n = 1112)#	Failure to see the clown (%)(n = 631)	Failure to hear the song (%)(n = 766)	Failure to remember the remaining seconds (%)(n = 823)
Control	–	2.9	4.2	6.2
Listening to music	92.5²	5.9*	65.7**	8.4
Talking (traditional)	9.6	8.9*	16.5*	9.2*
Using social media apps	16.8¹	12.1*	19.8	30.1*
Video talking via an app	12.4	35.6*	16.7**	27.6*
Voice talking using an app	40.4¹	16.5	16.4**	10.6*
Text messaging using an app	43.8²	25.1**	12.5**	26.2**
Web surfing	18.2¹	21.7*	16.8*	32.7*
Gaming	72.5¹	45.7**	57.6**	66.7*

*p < 0.05 in relation to created control group
**p < 0.01 in relation to created control group
# Control group not included; ¹ p < 0.05 in relation to talking (traditional); ² p < 0.01 in relation to talking (traditional)

ISSN: 1471-2458