Table 2 Association between knowledge on VMMC and VMMC status
From: Knowledge on voluntary medical male circumcision in a low uptake setting in northern Uganda
Male respondents | Female respondents | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All (N = 396) | Uncircumcised (n = 272) | Circumcised (n = 124) | p | All (N = 50) | Sexual partner uncircumcised (n = 34) | Sexual partner circumcised (n = 16) | p | |
VMMC reduces a man’s risk of acquiring HIV, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 362(91.4) | 249(91.5) | 113(91.1) | 0.891 | 47(94.0) | 32(94.1) | 5(93.8) | 1.000 |
Fail to accept | 34(8.6) | 23(8.5) | 11(8.9) | 3(6.0) | 2(5.9) | 1(6.3) | ||
VMMC improves genital hygiene, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 377(95.2) | 257(94.5) | 120(96.8) | 0.449 | 49(98.0) | 33(97.1) | 16(100.0) | 1.000 |
Fail to accept | 19(4.8) | 15(5.5) | 4(3.2) | 1(2.0) | 1(2.9) | 0(0.0) | ||
VMMC reduces risk of STIs, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 317(80.0) | 215(79.0) | 102(82.3) | 0.458 | 35(70.0) | 23(67.7) | 2(75.0) | 0.746 |
Fail to accept | 79(20.0) | 57(21.0) | 22(22.7) | 15(30.0) | 11(32.4) | 4(25.0) | ||
VMMC reduces cervical cancer risk for female partner, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 29(7.3) | 22(8.1) | 7(5.6) | 0.387 | 7(14.0) | 3(8.8) | 4(25.0) | 0.190 |
Fail to accept | 367(92.7) | 250(91.9) | 117(94.4) | 43(86.0) | 31(91.2) | 12(75.0) | ||
VMMC involves removal of the foreskin, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 389(98.2) | 266(97.8) | 123(99.2) | 0.442 | 50(100.0) | 34(100.0) | 6(100.0) | – |
Fail to accept | 7(1.8) | 6(2.2) | 1(0.8) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | ||
VMMC differs from traditional circumcision, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 300(75.8) | 198(72.8) | 102(82.3) | 0.042 | 25(50.0) | 17(50.0) | 8(50.0) | 1.000 |
Fail to accept | 96(24.2) | 74(27.2) | 22(17.7) | 25(50.0) | 17(50.0) | 8(50.0) | ||
An injection is given for pain control before VMMC, n(%) | ||||||||
Accept | 378(95.5) | 257(94.5) | 121(97.6) | 0.203 | 40(80.0) | 25(73.5) | 15(93.7) | 0.138 |
Fail to accept | 18(4.5) | 15(5.5) | 3(2.4) | 10(20.0) | 9(26.5) | 1(6.3) | ||
Men normally bleed after VMMC, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 301(76.0) | 196(72.1) | 105(84.7) | 0.006 | 36(72.0) | 23(67.7) | 3(81.3) | 0.501 |
Fail to reject | 95(24.0) | 76(27.9) | 19(15.3) | 14(28.0) | 11(32.4) | 3(18.8) | ||
Tubes that carry sperm are cut during VMMC, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 360(90.9) | 45(90.1) | 115(92.7) | 0.392 | 42(84.0) | 7(79.4) | 15(93.7) | 0.409 |
Fail to reject | 36(9.1) | 27(9.9) | 9(7.3) | 8(16.0) | 7(20.6) | 1(6.3) | ||
VMMC can make a man immune to acquiring HIV, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 359(90.7) | 48(91.2) | 111(89.5) | 0.582 | 40(80.0) | 27(79.4) | 13(81.2) | 1.000 |
Fail to reject | 37(9.3) | 24(8.8) | 13(10.5) | 10(20.0) | 7(20.6) | 3(18.8) | ||
VMMC makes a man a muslim, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 347(87.6) | 234(86.0) | 113(91.1) | 0.153 | 43(86.0) | 29(85.3) | 14(87.5) | 1.000 |
Fail to reject | 49(12.4) | 38(14.0) | 11(8.9) | 7(14.0) | 5(14.7) | 2(12.5) | ||
VMMC reduces risk of HIV transmission to female partner, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 97(24.5) | 68(25.0) | 29(23.4) | 0.729 | 8(16.0) | 4(11.8) | 4(25.0) | 0.249 |
Fail to reject | 299(75.5) | 205(75.0) | 95(76.6) | 42(84.0) | 30(88.2) | 12(75.0) | ||
Men usually desire more sexual partners after VMMC, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 230(58.1) | 47(45.0) | 83(66.9) | 0.016 | 25(50.0) | 5(44.1) | 10(62.5) | 0.225 |
Fail to reject | 66(41.9) | 25(46.0) | 41(33.1) | 25(50.0) | 19(55.9) | 6(37.5) | ||
VMMC reduces sexual performance, n(%) | ||||||||
Reject | 284(71.7) | 181(66.5) | 103(83.1) | 0.001 | 25(50.0) | 13(38.2) | 12(75.0) | 0.032 |
Fail to reject | 12(28.3) | 91(33.5) | 21(16.9) | 25(50.0) | 21(61.8) | 4(25.0) | ||