Table 4 Covariates associated with daily tobacco use in Kenya
From: Tobacco use and its determinants in the 2015 Kenya WHO STEPS survey
Daily tobacco use | Crude Odds Ratioa | Adjusted Odds Ratioa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Male | 7.16 (5.52, 9.28) | < 0.001 | 7.48 (5.34, 10.48) | < 0.001 |
Age group | ||||
18–29 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
30–39 | 1.79 (1.38, 2.31) | < 0.001 | 1.35 (0.87, 2.08) | 0.181 |
40–49 | 2.33 (1.77, 3.06) | < 0.001 | 1.39 (0.86, 2.23) | 0.176 |
50–59 | 2.81 (2.08, 3.81) | < 0.001 | 2.57 (1.61, 4.11) | < 0.001 |
60–69 | 3.12 (2.16, 4.52) | < 0.001 | 1.36 (0.74, 2.51) | 0.324 |
Education level | ||||
No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Primary complete | 0.77 (0.60, 1.00) | 0.050 | 0.28 (0.18, 0.43) | < 0.001 |
Secondary and above | 0.35 (0.26, 0.47) | < 0.001 | 0.12 (0.07, 0.20) | < 0.001 |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Rural | 1.11 (0.91, 1.36) | 0.288 | 0.63 (0.46, 0.85) | 0.002 |
Occupation | ||||
Unemployed | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Employed | 1.14 (0.93, 1.38) | 0.200 | 0.58 (0.45, 0.76) | < 0.001 |
Ever used alcohol | ||||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes | 5.35 (4.28, 6.69) | < 0.001 | 2.54 (1.85, 3.49) | < 0.001 |
Episodic alcohol drinking | ||||
No alcohol | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Binge drinking | 8.03 (6.49, 9.93) | < 0.001 | 0.77 (0.30, 1.96) | 0.588 |
Non-heavy drinking | 3.41 (2.34, 4.97) | < 0.001 | 0.52 (0.06, 4.59) | 0.560 |
Wealth band | ||||
Poorest | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Second | 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) | 0.054 | 0.91 (0.58, 1.41) | 0.665 |
Middle | 0.76 (0.57, 1.01) | 0.061 | 0.56 (0.33, 0.93) | 0.026 |
Fourth | 0.70 (0.53, 0.94) | 0.018 | 0.69 (0.41, 1.15) | 0.150 |
Richest | 0.38 (0.28, 0.52) | < 0.001 | 0.47 (0.26, 0.86) | 0.014 |
Marital status | ||||
Not married | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Married | 1.10 (0.87, 1.41) | 0.429 | 0.73 (0.53, 1.02) | 0.066 |
Formerly married | 2.03 (1.48, 2.77) | < 0.001 | 1.41 (0.91, 2.17) | 0.120 |