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Table 4 CAFES scores, descriptive statistics, and reliability analyses

From: Cafeteria assessment for elementary schools (CAFES): development, reliability testing, and predictive validity analysis

CAFES score

Subscale score

na

#

itemsb

CAFES Score (out of 100%)

CAFES Score & Reliability Analyses

Meanc

SD

Range

Skewnessd (SE)

Kurtosise (SE)

KR-21f

Mean rg

ROOM SCALE

38

46

(50)

70.10%

10.13%

43.90% -

87.50%

− 0.296

(0.383)

−0.384

(0.750)

0.80

0.18

 Ambient subscale

28

7

(9)

61.84%

19.82%

28.57% -

100.00%

−0.082

(0.441)

−0.414

(0.858)

0.75

0.22

 Appearance subscale

37

8

(9)

75.98%

23.36%

12.50% -

100.00%

−0.908

(0.388^)

0.153

(0.759)

0.71

0.23

 Windows subscale

35

8

(8)

53.48%

31.71%

0.00% -

100.00%

−0.408

(0.398)

−1.171

(0.778)

0.81

0.44

 Layout subscale

37

8

(8)

91.29%

16.98%

37.50% -

100.00%

−2.190

(0.388^)

4.208

(0.759^)

0.83

0.34

 Healthy signage subscale

37

1

(6)

86.47%

34.66%

0.00% -

100.00%

−2.226

(0.388^)

3.120

(0.759^)

n/ah

n/a

 Kitchen/Serve subscale

40

14

(14)

63.71%

14.67%

25.00% -

85.71%

−0.563

(0.374)

0.274

(0.733)

0.71

0.16

TABLE/DISPLAY scale

36

95

(133)

42.64%

6.78%

29.58% -

62.29%

1.014

(0.393^)

1.668

(0.76^)

0.72

0.19

 Furniture subscale

36

4

(4)

33.10%

25.70%

0.00% -

75.00%

0.207

(0.393)

−1.079

(0.768)

0.52

0.20

 Availability subscale

36

56

(77)

40.48%

8.17%

25.93% -

62.50%

0.491

(0.393)

0.236

(0.768)

0.71

0.17

 Display subscale

35

8

(10)

39.90%

22.95%

0.00% -

85.71%

0.106

(0.398)

−0.794

(0.778)

0.80

0.23

 Serving method subscale

34

11

(19)

64.90%

13.47%

36.36% -

90.91%

0.023

(0.403)

−0.564

(0.788)

0.64

0.24

 Variety subscale

36

16

(19)

40.09%

20.42%

18.75% -

93.33%

0.601

(0.393)

−0.522

(0.768)

0.82

0.40

PLATE SCALE

37

3

(4)

51.35%

44.16%

0.00% -

100.00%

−0.054

(0.388)

−1.804

(0.759^)

0.83

0.66

FOOD SCALE

27

5

(11)

51.73%

20.94%

20.00% -

100.00%

0.082

(0.448)

−0.441

(0.872)

0.58

0.24

CAFES TOTAL SCORE

36

149

(198)

50.54%

5.96%

34.57% -

64.34%

−0.172

(0.393)

.575

(0.768)

0.88

0.18

  1. a School sample size “n” indicates the number of schools that reported at least 50% of CAFES items at the specified scale/subscale
  2. b Number of applicable CAFES items (out of total possible CAFES items) with sufficient variability for reliability testing
  3. c CAFES scores are out of a possible 100%. Each school’s total score was divided by the total # of relevant CAFES items
  4. d A measure of data distribution symmetry. A “^” in the SE column indicates skewed data (not between -SE × 2 and + SE × 2)
  5. e measure of how peaked (+) or flat (−) the data distribution is relative to a normal distribution. A “^” in the SE column indicates a non-normal distribution (not between –SE × 2 and + SE × 2)
  6. fBolded text indicates that the measurement scale/subscale met internal consistency criteria (KR-21 > 0.70)
  7. g Mean inter-item correlation
  8. h Healthy signage data lacked variability for reliability testing of this subscale. Thus, the final CAFES instrument retained six items concerning healthy signage content, quantity, and location based on available literature
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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