| Sense of belonging in the school (%) | Effect (Intervention vs. Control)a |
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| Baseline | Follow-up | | |
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Overall n = 547 | Intervention | Control | Intervention | Control | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
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Intervention | | | | | 0.54 (0.37–0.79) ** | 0.002 |
Sense of belonging in the school |
High | 63 | 67 | 56 | 65 | | |
Moderate | 13 | 13 | 13 | 17 | | |
Low | 23 | 20 | 31 | 18 | | |
- OR odds ratio
- *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001
- a) At the individual level, the model adjusted for gender, age, migration status, baseline values for sense of belonging and for SES. At the class level, the model adjusted for grade, while at the school level, the model adjusted for the intervention. Grade and baseline values for sense of belonging in the school appeared as significant covariates in the final model