Table 2 Factors associated with hookworm infection among primary schoolchildren in Nopphitam District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, 2016
Variables | Number (%) | No. positive (%) | No. negative (%) | CORa | 95%c CI | P-value | AORb | 95%c CI | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | |||||||||
 7–9 | 161 (53.8) | 11 (6.8) | 150 (93.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 10–12 | 138 (46.2) | 21 (15.2) | 117 (84.8) | 2.2 | 1.1–4.7 | 0.037* | 2.3 | 1.1-4.9 | 0.030* |
Sex | |||||||||
 Male | 172 (57.5) | 20 (11.6) | 152 (88.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 127 (42.5) | 12 (9.4) | 115 (90.6) | 1.2 | 0.6–2.6 | 0.580 |  |  |  |
Handwashing before meals | |||||||||
 Yes | 224 (74.9) | 19 (8.5) | 205 (91.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 75 (25.1) | 13 (17.3) | 62 (82.7) | 2.2 | 1.0–4.6 | 0.046* | 2.3 | 1.1-4.8 | 0.037* |
Drinking water source | |||||||||
 Bottled water | 94 (31.4) | 8 (8.5) | 86 (91.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Tap water | 106 (35.5) | 19 (17.9) | 87 (82.1) | 2.2 | 0.9–5.4 | 0.069 |  |  |  |
 Rain | 36 (12.0) | 1 (2.8) | 35 (97.2) | 0.5 | 0.1–2.7 | 0.408 |  |  |  |
 Water filter | 63 (21.1) | 4 (6.3) | 59 (93.7) | 0.8 | 0.2–2.6 | 0.685 |  |  |  |
Eating raw meat | |||||||||
 No | 110 (36.8) | 10 (9.1) | 100 (90.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 189 (63.2) | 22 (11.6) | 167 (88.4) | 1.4 | 0.6–3.1 | 0.453 |  |  |  |
Eating fresh vegetables | |||||||||
 No | 17 (5.7) | 0 (0) | 17 (100.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 282 (94.3) | 32 (11.3) | 250 (88.7) | 4.4 | 0.2–77.9 | 0.314 |  |  |  |
Open defecation | |||||||||
 No | 272 (91.0) | 28 (10.3) | 244 (89.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 27 (9.0) | 4 (14.8) | 23 (85.2) | 1.6 | 0.5–5.2 | 0.398 |  |  |  |
Contact with domestic animals | |||||||||
 No | 24 (8.0) | 4 (16.7) | 20 (83.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 275 (92.0) | 28 (10.2) | 247 (89.8) | 0.5 | 0.2–1.7 | 0.297 |  |  |  |
Wearing shoes outside the house | |||||||||
 Yes | 137 (45.8) | 17 (12.4) | 120 (87.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 No | 162 (54.2) | 15 (9.3) | 147 (90.7) | 0.7 | 0.4–1.5 | 0.419 |  |  |  |
Playing on ground | |||||||||
 No | 18 (6.0) | 1 (5.6) | 17 (94.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | 281 (94.0) | 31 (11.0) | 250 (89.0) | 1.8 | 0.3–12.5 | 0.539 |  |  |  |