Table 1 Characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis
Author | Publication year | Years of study | City or Province/Region | Diagnostic method | Sample source | Types food/animal species/Human | Study design | Sample size | L. monocytogenes | Predominant serotypes | L. innocua | Total | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Firouzi et al. | 2000 | UN | Shiraz/South | Culture | Human | Slaughter houses | Cross sectional | 130 | 0 | – | 0 | 3 | 6 |
Akhondzadeh Basti et al. | 2004 | UN | Tehran and Guilan/North | Culture | Food | Fresh fish, salted and smoked fish | Cross sectional | 120 | 4 | 4b | – | – | 7 |
Moshtaghi et al. | 2007 | 2005 | Shahrekord/Central | Culture | Food | Raw milk | Cross sectional | 500 | 8 | 4b | 3 | 11 | 8 |
Rahimi et al. | 2008 | 2006–2007 | Isfahan/Central | Culture | Animal | Cattle | Cross sectional | 200 | 6 | – | – | – | 9 |
Jalali et al. | 2008 | 2003–2005 | Isfahan/ Central | PCR | Food | Meat, diary, vegetables products ready to eat food | Cross sectional | 461 | 7 | – | 13 | 27 | 4 |
Jamshidi et al. | 2009 | 2002–2003 | Bandar Abbas/South | Serology | Human | ‘Spontaneous abortion, control group | Case-control study | 450 | 124 | – | – | – | 10 |
Jami et al. | 2010 | 2008 | Mashhad/Northeast | PCR | Food | Raw milk | Cross sectional | 100 | 4 | – | – | – | 11 |
Rahimi et al. | 2010 | 2007–2009 | Isfahan/Central | PCR | Food | Milk,dairy products | Cross sectional | 594 | 18 | – | 32 | 55 | 12 |
Mahmoodi et al. | 2010 | UN | Noorabad/South | Culture | Food | Raw milk, White cheese, yoghurt | Cross sectional | 360 | 6 | – | – | – | 13 |
Lotfollahi et al. | 2011 | 2009–2010 | Tehran/North | Culture | Human | Spontaneous abortions | Cross sectional | 100 | 9 | – | – | – | 14 |
Rahimi et al. | 2011 | UN | Tehran/North | Culture | Human | Pregnant mothers | Cross sectional | 512 | 5 | – | – | – | 15 |
Rahimi et al. | 2011 | 2009–2010 | Isfahan and Shahrekord/Central | PCR | Food | Sea food | Cross sectional- | 264 | 5 | – | 15 | 20 | 16 |
Ghasemian Safaei et al. | 2011 | 2008 | Shahrekord/Central | Culture | Food | Eggs | Cross sectional | 100 | 0 | – | – | – | 17 |
Goudarzi et al. | 2012 | 2011 | Karaj/North | PCR | Human | Women with septic abortion | Cross sectional | 87 | 12 | – | – | – | 18 |
Fallah et al. | 2012 | 2010–2011 | Shahrekord/Central | PCR | Food | Poultry product | Cross sectional | 402 | 52 | 4b, 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c | 62 | 134 | 2 |
Zarei et al. | 2012 | UN | Ahvaz/Southwest | PCR | Food | Raw/fresh,frozen, and ready-to-eat (RTE) seafood | Cross sectional | 245 | 2 | – | – | – | 19 |
Hosseinzadeh et al. | 2012 | 2009 | Shiraz/South | PCR | Animal | Poultry flocks | Cross sectional | 100 | 7 | – | – | – | 20 |
Safarpoor Dehkordi et al. | 2012 | 2011 | Various parts of Iran | Real-Time PCR | Food | Milk | Cross sectional- | 596 | 69 | – | – | – | 21 |
Animal | Vaginal swab/Urine samples | 1575 | 158 | ||||||||||
Rahimi et al. | 2012 | 2009–2010 | Chahar Mahal & Bakhtiyari/Central and South | Culture and PCR | Food | Dairy products | Cross sectional | 290 | 5 | – | 14 | 21 | 22 |
Rahimi et al. | 2012 | 2010–2011 | Various parts of Iran | PCR | Food | Raw meats | Cross sectional | 1107 | 27 | – | 98 | 141 | 23 |
Seifi et al. | 2012 | 2009–2010 | North and west | PCR | Animal | Broiler fl ocks | Cross sectional | 490 | 44 | – | – | – | 24 |
Fallah et al. | 2013 | 2011–2012 | Shahrekord/ Central | PCR | Food | Raw and RTE seafood product | Cross sectional | 462 | 35 | 1/2a, 4b, 1/2c, 1/2b, 4c | – | – | 25 |
Jamali et al. | 2013a | 2008–2010 | Tehran/North | PCR | Food | Raw milk | Cross sectional | 446 | 18 | 1/2a, 3a; 1/2c, 3c; 4b, 4d, 4e | 48 | 83 | 26 |
Jamali et al. | 2013b | 2008–2010 | Tehran/North | PCR | Food | Milk | Cross sectional | 207 | 17 | (4b, 4d or 4e), (1/2a or 3a), (1/2b, 3b or 7), (1/2c or 3c) | 3 | 21 | 27 |
Sohrabi et al. | 2013 | UN | Isfahan/Central | Culture | Food | Poultry meat | Cross sectional | 52 | 1 | – | 11 | 12 | 28 |
Vahedi et al. | 2013 | 2011 | Sari/North | Culture | Food | Milk | Cross sectional | 200 | 0 | – | – | – | 29 |
Momtaz et al. | 2013 | 2010–2011 | Isfahan and Shahrekord/Central | PCR | Food | Fresh fish/shrimp samples | Cross sectional | 300 | 18 | 4b, 1/2b, 1/2a | 2 | 24 | 30 |
Salehian et al. | 2013 | 2012 | Sari/North | Culture | Food | Traditional ice cream | Cross sectional | 50 | 1 | – |  | – | 31 |
Zarei et al. | 2013 | UN | Ahvaz/ Southwest | PCR | Food | Beef, buffalo and lamb meats | Cross sectional | 210 | 7 | – | – | – | 32 |
Akya et al. | 2013 | UN | Kermanshah/West | Culture | Food | Dairy, meat, products,RTE | Cross sectional | 530 | 3 | – | 56 | 66 | 33 |
Shakib et al. | 2013 | UN | Lorestan/West | PCR | Human | Pregnant women | Cross sectional | 100 | 0 | – | – | – | 34 |
Rahimi et al. | 2014 | 2010–2011 | Fars and Khuzestan/South and Southwest | PCR | Food | Bulk milk, camel, Water, buffalo, ovine, caprine, | Cross sectional | 260 | 7 | – | 13 | 27 | 3 |
Eslami et al. | 2014 | 2012–2013 | Tehran/North | PCR | Human | Women with abortion | Cross sectional | 96 | 16 | – | – | – | 35 |
Alidoosti et al. | 2014 | 2012 | Isfahan/Central | Culture | Animal | domestic dogs |  | 92 | 1 | 1/2b | – | – | 36 |
Jamali et al. | 2014 | 2008–2010 | Tehran/North | Culture | Animal | Duck, goose intestinal contents | Cross sectional | 471 | 19 | – | 5 | 58 | 37 |
Moosavy et al. | 2014 | UN | Tabriz/Northwest | Culture | Food | Raw milk | Cross sectional | 18 | 9 | – | – | – | 38 |
Haghi et al. | 2015 | 2014 | Zanjan/West | PCR | Food | Bovine milk, ovine milk | Cross sectional | 60 | 0 | – | – | – | 39 |
Haghroosta et al. | 2015 | UN | Ahvaz/ Southwest | Serologic | Human | Pregnant women with spontaneous abortion and healthy pregnant women | Cross sectional | 180 | 43 | – | – | – | 40 |
Jamali et al. | 2015 | 2012–2014 | Mazandaran/North | PCR | Food | Raw fish | Cross sectional | 488 | 104 | 1/2a, 4b, 1/2b | 34 | 37 | 41 |
Soltan Dallal et al. | 2015 | 2013 | Tehran/North | Culture | Food | Vegetables, salads | Cross sectional | 200 | 1 | – | – | 48 | 42 |
Mashak et al. | 2015 | 2011–2012 | Tehran/North | Culture | Food | Fresh, frozen meats | Cross sectional | 410 | 115 | 1/2a, 4b, 4c, 3b | – | – | 43 |
Mansouri-Najand et al. | 2015 | 2011 | Kerman/Central | PCR | Food | Raw milk | Cross sectional | 100 | 5 | – | – | – | 44 |
Pourkaveh et al. | 2016 | 2015 | Tehran/North | PCR | Human | Women with spontaneous abortion | Cross sectional | 317 | 54 | – | – | – | 45 |
Abdollahzadeh et al. | 2016 | 2014–2015 | Karaj and Tehran/North | PCR | Food | Fish, shrimp, RTE seafood | Cross sectional | 201 | 5 | 1/2b, 3b, 7, 1/2a, 3a | – | 18 | 46 |
Pournajaf et al. | 2016 | 2012–2015 | Tehran/North | PCR | Human | Patients with spontaneous abortions | Cross sectional | 170 | 14 | – | – | – | 47 |
Food | Dairy products/meat, | 317 | 20 | ||||||||||
Animal | Domestic animals | 130 | 12 | ||||||||||
Zeinali et al. | 2017 | 2013 | Mashhad/North east | PCR | Animal | Fresh chicken carcasses | Cross sectional | 200 | 36 | – | 23 | 80 | 48 |
Lotfollahi et al. | 2017 | 2013–2015 | Tabriz/North west | PCR | Food | Sausage, milk, cheese, chicken, meat | Cross sectional | 267 | 8 | (1/2c or 3c), (4b, 4d or 4e), (1/2a or 3a) | – | – | 49 |
Human | Pregnant woman with a abortion | 125 | 11 | ||||||||||
Animal | Goat and sheep carcasses | 50 | 3 |