Table 2 Bennett’s kappa PABAK analysis of challenges/barriers of active transport to school (pooled sample of Kenya and Nigeria) -parent vs. child report
Item | n | Bennett’s Kappa | Strength of Agreement |
|---|---|---|---|
There are too many hills along the way | 2012 | 0.64 | Substantial |
There are no suitable walking/running or biking paths | 2002 | 0.39 | Fair |
The route is boring (nothing interesting to see) | 2025 | 0.43 | Moderate |
The route does not have good lighting | 1997 | 0.30 | Fair |
There is too much traffic along the route | 2005 | 0.37 | Fair |
There are dangerous crossings | 1997 | 0.41 | Moderate |
My child gets too hot and sweaty | 1993 | 0.37 | Fair |
No other children walk/run or bike to school | 1983 | 0.48 | Moderate |
It’s not considered fashionable to walk/run or bike | 1088 | 0.48 | Moderate |
My child has too many things to carry | 1992 | 0.51 | Moderate |
It is easier for me to drive my child | 1972 | 0.46 | Moderate |
It involves too much planning ahead | 1964 | 0.40 | Fair |
It is unsafe because of crime (strangers, gangs, drugs) | 1988 | 0.36 | Fair |
My child gets bullied, teased, harassed | 1977 | 0.53 | Moderate |
There is nowhere to leave a bike safely | 1993 | 0.36 | Fair |
There are stray dogs or other dangerous animals | 1986 | 0.45 | Moderate |
It is too far | 2000 | 0.43 | Moderate |
The route is difficult to walk/run or bike because of garbage, water or bad smells | 1997 | 0.42 | Moderate |
The route is isolated | 1988 | 0.42 | Moderate |
My child has a disability | 1996 | 0.77 | Substantial |