Table 3 Parasites that have been isolated from house flies, including the site of isolation, the frequencies and their distribution
From: A systematic review of human pathogens carried by the housefly (Musca domestica L.)
Parasite genera | Species | Medical or veterinary importance | Geographical occurrence | Site of specimen collection | Host stage infected | Prevalence | Lab or field study | Site of isolation | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascaris | A. lumbricoides | Medical | Worldwide | Slaughter houses, dump sites, human habitation, open fields | Adult | 12.6–14.29% | Field | External surfaces | |
A. suum | Veterinary | Worldwide | piggery | Adult | 62% | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | [54] | |
Entamoeba | E. histolytica | Medical | Worldwide | Slaughter houses, dump sites, human habitation, open fields | Adult | 35.43–53.57% | Field | External surfaces | |
Hookworm | Ancylostoma duodenale/Necator americanus | Medical | Worldwide | Slaughter houses, dump sites, human habitation, open fields | Adult | 8.93% | Field | External surfaces | |
Trichuris | T. trichiura | Medical | Worldwide | Slaughter houses, dump sites, human habitation, open fields, piggery | Adult | 12.5–74.0% | Field | External surfaces | |
T. suis | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | Piggery | Adult | – | Field/lab | External surfaces/internal organs | [54] | |
Strongyloides | S. stercoralis | Medical | Developing countries | Slaughter houses, dump sites, human habitation, open fields | Adult | 10.7% | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [61] |
S. ransomi | Veterinary | Tropical regions | Piggery | Adult | 21% | Field | External surfaces | [54] | |
Metastrongylus | M. spp | Veterinary | Worldwide | Piggery | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [54] |
Haematopinus | H. suis | Veterinary | Worldwide | Piggery | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces/internal organs | [54] |
Crytosporidium | C. parvum | Medical/ Veterinary | Worldwide | Laboratory experiment | Adult/larvae | – | Lab | Internal organs | [65] |
Giardia | G. lamblia | Medical | Developing countries | Human habitation, refuse dumps, tomato/vegetable and soft drink shops | Adult | 23.62% | Field | External surfaces | |
Enterobius | E. vermicularis | Medical | Worldwide but more prevalent in developed world | Poultry | Adult | – | Field | External surfaces | [3] |
Taenia | T. spp. | Medical/veterinary | Worldwide | Human habitation, refuse dumps, tomato/vegetable and soft drink shops | Adult | 15.75% | Field | External surfaces | |
Hymenolepis | H. nana | Medical | Worldwide | Human habitation, refuse dumps, tomato/vegetable and soft drink shops | Adult | 5.51% | Field | Internal organs | [63] |