Table 1 Study population characteristics by respiratory illness status and by lack of perceived community safety construct
Variable | Â | Respiratory Illness | Lack of Community Safety | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Yes | No | Â | Yes | No | Â | |
(n = 792) | (n = 205) | (n = 587) | p-value | (n = 376) | (n = 416) | p-value | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Â | n (%) | n (%) | Â | |
Age, mean ± SD | 44.4 ± 14.3 | 46.3 ± 14.8 | 43.8 ± 14.0 | 0.03* | 44.6 ± 14.1 | 44.3 ± 14.4 | 0.77 |
Gender | |||||||
 Female | 540 (68.2) | 138 (67.3) | 402 (68.5) | 0.78 | 262 (69.7) | 278 (66.8) | 0.39 |
 Male | 252 (31.8) | 67 (32.7) | 185 (31.5) |  | 114 (30.3) | 138 (33.2) |  |
Employment status | |||||||
 Unemployed | 368 (46.5) | 89 (43.4) | 279 (47.5) | 0.31 | 176 (46.8) | 192 (46.2) | 0.85 |
 Employed, student or retired | 424 (53.5) | 116 (56.6) | 308 (52.5) |  | 200 (53.2) | 224 (53.8) |  |
Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
 Hispanic/Latino | 606 (76.5) | 140 (68.3) | 466 (79.4) | <  0.01* | 279 (74.2) | 327 (78.6) | 0.03* |
 African-American/Black | 85 (10.7) | 31 (15.1) | 54 (9.2) |  | 37 (9.8) | 48 (11.5) |  |
 White, Asian, Other | 101 (12.8) | 34 (16.6) | 67 (11.4) |  | 60 (16.0) | 41 (9.9) |  |
Education | |||||||
  ≤ Grade school | 225 (28.7) | 66 (32.7) | 159 (27.4) | 0.50 | 113 (30.5) | 112 (27.1) | 0.26 |
 High School | 253 (32.3) | 59 (29.2) | 194 (33.4) |  | 122 (33.0) | 131 (31.7) |  |
 Some college, vocational, business, or trade | 232 (29.6) | 58 (28.7) | 174 (29.9) |  | 108 (29.2) | 124 (30.0) |  |
  ≥ Associates degree | 73 (9.3) | 19 (9.4) | 54 (9.3) |  | 27 (7.3) | 46 (11.1) |  |
Health care insurance | |||||||
 None | 355 (44.8) | 73 (35.6) | 282 (48.0) | <  0.01* | 178 (47.3) | 177 (42.5) | 0.29 |
 Private, Blue Cross, HMO, military, or other | 183 (23.1) | 51 (24.9) | 132 (22.5) |  | 87 (23.1) | 96 (23.1) |  |
 Medicare/caid/cal | 254 (32.1) | 81 (39.5) | 173 (29.5) |  | 111 (29.5) | 143 (34.4) |  |
Ever regularly smoked cigarettes, cigars, or a pipe | |||||||
 Current smoker | 153 (19.3) | 54 (26.3) | 99 (16.9) | 0.01* | 79 (21.0) | 74 (17.8) | 0.51 |
 Past smoker | 92 (11.6) | 20 (9.8) | 72 (12.3) |  | 42 (11.2) | 50 (12.0) |  |
 Never smoker | 547 (69.1) | 131 (63.9) | 416 (70.9) |  | 255 (67.8) | 292 (70.2) |  |
As an adult, lived for > 6 mo. with someone who smoked | |||||||
 Yes, currently | 31 (3.9) | 12 (5.9) | 19 (3.2) | 0.07 | 16 (4.3) | 15 (3.6) | 0.45 |
 Yes, in the past | 184 (23.2) | 55 (26.8) | 129 (22.0) |  | 94 (25.0) | 90 (21.6) |  |
 No | 577 (72.9) | 138 (67.3) | 439 (74.8) |  | 266 (707) | 311 (74.8) |  |
Average annual household income | |||||||
  < $10,000 | 214 (30.6) | 55 (30.9) | 159 (30.5) | 0.82 | 111 (32.4) | 103 (28.9) | 0.11 |
 $11,000 - $19,000 | 175 (25.0) | 49 (27.5) | 126 (24.2) |  | 96 (28.0) | 79 (22.2) |  |
 $20,000 - $29,000 | 138 (19.7) | 31 (17.4) | 107 (20.5) |  | 65 (19.0) | 73 (20.5) |  |
 $30,000 - $49,000 | 125 (17.9) | 30 (16.9) | 95 (18.2) |  | 53 (15.4) | 72 (20.2) |  |
  > $50,000 | 47 (6.7) | 13 (7.3) | 34 (6.5) |  | 18 (5.2) | 29 (8.2) |  |
Marital Status | |||||||
 Never married/ widowed/divorced | 328 (41.5) | 106 (51.7) | 222 (38.0) | <  0.001* | 166 (44.4) | 162 (38.9) | 0.12 |
 Married/live together | 462 (58.5) | 99 (48.3) | 363 (62.0) |  | 208 (55.6) | 254 (61.1) |  |
People in household | |||||||
 1–2 people | 109 (13.8) | 41 (20.0) | 68 (11.6) | <  0.001* | 59 (15.7) | 50 (12.1) | 0.30 |
 3–5 people | 430 (54.3) | 116 (56.6) | 314 (53.5) |  | 202 (53.7) | 228 (54.8) |  |
 6 or more people | 253 (31.9) | 48 (23.4) | 205 (34.9) |  | 115 (30.6) | 138 (33.1) |  |
Duration at current residence | |||||||
 11+ years | 213 (26.9) | 57 (27.8) | 156 (26.6) | 0.09 | 105 (27.9) | 108 (26.0) | 0.14 |
 1–10 years | 536 (67.7) | 143 (69.8) | 393 (66.9) |  | 245 (65.2) | 291 (69.9) |  |
  < 1 year | 43 (5.4) | 5 (2.4) | 38 (6.5) |  | 26 (6.9) | 17 (4.1) |  |
Environmental hazard region | |||||||
 A - closest to SBR | 215 (27.1) | 50 (24.4) | 165 (28.1) | 0.35 | 131 (34.8) | 84 (20.2) | < 0.0001* |
 B - intermediate | 289 (36.5) | 83 (40.5) | 206 (35.1) |  | 136 (36.2) | 153 (36.8) |  |
 C - farthest away | 288 (36.4) | 72 (35.1) | 216 (36.8) |  | 109 (29.0) | 179 (43.0) |  |