Table 2 Principal components analysis on task and ego orientations for participation in football/tennis

Something I learned makes me want to go and practice more

I learned something that was very fun to do

I learned a new skill by trying very hard

I did my very best

I learned a new skill and it made me want to practice more

I worked really hard

A skill I learned really felt right

I was the best

The others couldn’t do as well as me

I could do better than my teammates

I contributed most to the victory

I was the only one who could do the play or skill

Others messed up and I didn’t

Eigenvalues

Explained variance, %

Explained variance, cumulative %

Cronbach’s alpha (based on standardized items)

Scale mean