Pain and self-rated health among middle-aged and older Canadians: an analysis of the Canadian community health survey―healthy aging

Table 2 Socio-demographic factors/predictors of self-rated health and unadjusted odds ratios (UOR) with corresponding 95% CI and p-values measured in a two-level logistic model

Variable	Odds ratio	95%CI		P-value
Variable	Odds ratio	Lower	Upper	P-value
Gender
Male	Ref. category
Female	1.03	0.97	1.09	0.323
Age categories, years
45–54	Ref. category
55–64	0.75	0.67	0.83	< 0.001
65–74	0.56	0.50	0.62	< 0.001
75–84	0.37	0.34	0.41	< 0.001
85+	0.36	0.32	0.40	< 0.001
Educational level
Less than secondary	Ref. category
Secondary graduation	2.21	2.02	2.42	< 0.001
Other post-secondary	2.12	1.84	2.45	< 0.001
Post-secondary graduation	2.57	2.40	2.74	< 0.001
Marital Status
Married/common law	Ref. category
Divorced/separate/widowed	0.66	0.62	0.70	< 0.001
Never married	0.75	0.67	0.83	< 0.001
Total household income, CAD
< = $20,000	Ref. category
$20,000–$39,999	1.52	1.40	1.65	< 0.00 1
$40,000–$59,999	2.52	2.28	2.79	< 0.001
$60,000–$79,999	3.74	3.30	4.24	< 0.001
$80,000 or more	5.72	5.09	6.42	< 0.001
Not stated	1.79	1.63	1.97	< 0.001
Place of residence
Urban	Ref. category
Rural	0.84	0.79	0.90	< 0.001
Presence of pain
No	Ref. category
Yes	0.20	0.19	0.21	< 0.001
Life stress
No	Ref. category
Yes	0.57	0.54	0.60	< 0.001
Self-reported BMI
Normal weight	Ref. category
Underweight	0.43	0.36	0.52	< 0.001
Overweight	0.96	0.89	1.03	0.226
Obese	0.60	0.56	0.65	< 0.001
Depressive symptoms
No	Ref. category
Yes	0.45	0.42	0.49	< 0.001
Loneliness
No	Ref. category
Yes	0.43	0.40	0.46	< 0.001
Type of smoker
Never/former smoker	Ref. category
Daily	0.66	0.61	0.71	< 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2458