Associations of gender and serum total cholesterol with CD4+ T cell count and HIV RNA load in antiretroviral-naïve individuals in Addis Ababa

Table 2 Associations of variables with HIV RNA load among ART-naïve study participants in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Variables	Log HIV RNA load (Mean ± SD)	Univariate, β (95% CI)	Multivariate, β (95% CI)
Gender
Male	4.49 ± 0.76^a	Ref.	Ref.
Female	4.11 ± 0.84	−0.38 (− 0.54, − 0.23)^a	− 0.24 (− 0.40, − 0.07)^b
CD4+ T cell count and/or stages III/IV
≥ 500 and/or not stages III/IV	3.73 ± 0.82^a	Ref.	Ref.
< 500 and/or stages III/IV	4.36 ± 0.79	0.63 (0.46, 0.80)^a	0.56 (0.38, 0.73)^a
Hemoglobin conc. (g/dL)
Non-anemic	4.18 ± 0.81^c	Ref.	Ref.
Anemic	4.68 ± 0.79	0.50 (0.27, 0.73)^a	0.41 (0.18, 0.64)^b
Total cholesterol conc. (mg/dL)
≥ 200	3.85 ± 0.78	Ref.	Ref.
< 200	4.31 ± 0.82^c	−0.46 (−0.67, − 0.25)^a	− 0.25 (− 0.45, − 0.04)^c
Variables	≥10,000, AOR (95% CI)	≥40,000, AOR (95% CI)	≥100,000, AOR (95% CI)
Gender
Male	1.00	1.00	1.00
Female	0.51(0.33–0.79)	0.52(0.34–0.79)	0.64(0.41–1.08)^*
CD4+ T cell count and/or stages III/IV
≥ 500 and/or not stages III/IV	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 500 and/or stages III/IV	4.44(2.86–6.90)	5.29(2.90–9.64)	5.36(2.26–12.70)
Hemoglobin conc. (g/dL)
Non-anemic	1.00	1.00	1.00
Anemic	2.85(1.44–5.66)	2.72(1.52–4.85)	2.46(1.34–4.51)
Total cholesterol conc. (mg/dL)
≥ 200	1.00	1.00	1.00
< 200	2.22(1.32–3.74)	2.65(1.36–5.17)	2.35(0.97–5.69)^*

ANOVA analysis of variance, SD standard deviation, and CI confidence interval; β = represents coefficients of univariate and multivariate linear regression; AOR = Adjusted odds ratio; ^a, ^b, ^c refers p value < 0.001, < 0.01 and < 0.05, respectively; and ^* = p not statistically significant

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