Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related characteristics of the sample
From: Determinants of utilisation rates of preventive health services: evidence from Chile
Parameter | 2015 (n = 206,132) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
No preventive services (n, %) | Preventive services (n,%) | ||
Sex | Male | 91,771 (47.1%) | 4415 (38.9%) |
Female | 103,021 (52.9%) | 6925 (61.1%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.037 | ||
Zone | Urban | 151,961 (78.0%) | 8746 (77.1%) |
Rural | 42,831 (22.0%) | 2594 (22.9%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p = 0.027 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.005 | ||
Age (mean, std. dev.) | 42.9 (18.5) | 67.0 (15.9) | |
t-test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Point biserial correlation | −.286 | ||
Married | 67,871 (34.8) | 5319 (46.9%) | |
Living with or in a relationship | 31,351 (16.1%) | 921 (8.1%) | |
Civil status | Separated, divorced, annulled | 13,043 (6.7%) | 905 (8.0%) |
Widowed | 9958 (5.1%) | 2648 (23.4%) | |
Single | 72,569 (37.3%) | 1547 (13.6%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.202 | ||
Nationality | Chilean | 191,779 (98.5%) | 11,263 (99.3%) |
Foreigner | 3013 (1.6%) | 77 (0.7%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | −0.016 | ||
Indigeneity | Not indigenous | 173,670 (89.2%) | 10,356 (91.3%) |
Indigenous | 21,122 (10.8%) | 984 (8.7%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | −0.016 | ||
Health system | FONASA | 159,586 (81.9%) | 10,092 (89.0%) |
Armed forces | 4190 (2.2%) | 325 (2.9%) | |
ISAPRE | 24,210 (12.4%) | 833 (7.4%) | |
Out-of-pocket | 6806 (3.5%) | 90 (0.8%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.052 | ||
Health score | Bad | 13,036 (6.7%) | 1487 (13.1%) |
Average | 67,685 (34.8%) | 5632 (50.0%) | |
Good | 114,071 (58.6%) | 4221 (37.2%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.102 | ||
Disability | No disability | 175,756 (90.2%) | 8434 (74.4%) |
With disability | 19,036 (9.8%) | 2906 (25.6%) | |
Chi-square test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.117 | ||
Employment | Employed | 103,565 (53.2%) | 3176 (28.0%) |
Unemployed | 8423 (4.3%) | 156 (1.4%) | |
Inactive | 82,804 (42.5%) | 8008 (70.6%) | |
t-test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Cramer’s V | 0.130 | ||
Equalised incomea (mean, std. dev.) | 528,348 (671,874) | 509,400 (549,153) | |
t-test p-value | p = 0.003 | ||
Point biserial correlation | .006 | ||
Education, (mean, std. dev.) | 10.6 (4.2) | 7.8 (4.9) | |
t-test p-value | p < 0.0001 | ||
Point biserial correlation | .151 | ||