Table 5 Self-reported health (SRH) and mental distress

 Borrell et al. [21]

General working pop., survey, Spain. 2001–01

OR 2.16, 95%CI 1.14–4.10^a (m) and OR 1.15, 95%CI 0.59–2.23^NS (w)

 Brekke et. Al [82]

General working pop., survey and register data, Norway, 2000–01

ERR^# = 2.67 (PR 32% vs. 12%) (m) and ERR^# = 2.58 (PR 43 vs. 16%) (w). No statistical test.

 Carneiro. et al. [23]

Elderly care workers, survey, Denmark, 2005.

ERR^#= 1.69 (PR 6.4% vs. PR 10.8%) ^a

 Cayuela et al. [25]

Immigrants born in low-income countries, survey, Spain, 2011/12.

OR 2.64, 95%CI 1.77–3.93 ^a (w) and OR 1.33, 95%CI 0.85–2.08 ^NS (m)

 Dunlavy and Rostila [35]

General working pop., survey, Sweden 2010–11.

OR 2.39, 95%CI 1.74–3.28 (EE), OR 1.50, 95%CI 1.06–2.12 (LA), OR 1.79, 95%CI 1.34–2.40 (N-W)

 Dzurova and Drbohlav [36]

General working pop., survey, Czech Republic 2008 and 2012–13.

ERR^# = 1.09 (PR = 28% vs. 26%)^NS (w), ERR ^a = 0.96 (PR 21% vs. 22%)^NS (m)

 Jørgensen et al. [47]

Cleaners, survey, Denmark 2007–09

ERR^#  = 1.21 (PR 46% vs. 38%) ^a

 Pikhart et al. [58]

Immigrant workers, survey, Czech Republic 2003/06

No significant differences between illegal and legal immigrants. No data for natives.

 Subedi and Rosenberg [76]

immigrants, survey, Canada, 2001 and 2010

Sign. difference in the SRH of immigrants with < 10 years vs. > 10 years of residency in Canada

 Aalto et al. [10]

Elderly care workers, survey, Finland, 2010

Burnout: OR 1.46, 95%CI 1.16–1.85.

 Bhui, et al. [19]

General working pop, survey, UK, 1998–99

Poor mental health: PR 12–17% vs. PR 15%^NS

 Cayuela et al. [25]

Immigrants born in low-income countries, survey, Spain, 2011/12.

Poor mental health: OR 2.02, 95%CI 1.39–2.93 (w) and OR 1.43, 95%CI 0.92–2.24 (m).

 DelAmo et al. [32]

General working pop., survey, Spain, 2006/07.

Poor mental health: OR 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1–2.4 (w) and OR 1.1, 95%CI 0.7–1.9 (m)

 Dunlavy and Rostila [35]

General working pop. Sweden 2010–11.

Poor mental health: OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.39–2.97 (EE) and OR 1.81 (1.22–2.69) (LA)

 Font et al. [38]

General working pop, survey, Spain, 20,004/5.

Poor mental health: RR 1.09, 95%CI 1.02–1.16

 Gamperiene et. Al. [84]

Female cleaners, survey, Norway, n/a.

Poor mental health: OR 2.8 ^a

 Hoppe [44]

Employees from a mail service company, survey, Germany, n/a.

Psychological job distress: mean = 1.88 vs 1.89^NS

 Niewenhuijsen et al. [52]

General working pop., survey, Netherlands, 2011–15.

Depression symptoms: ERR^#  = range 1.2 thru 3.2 ^a

 Ortega et al. [55]

Elderly care workers, survey, Denmark, 2005.

Depression symptoms: mean = 8.3 vs. 6.1 ^a

 Pasca and Wagner [56]

Empoyees in health care, and social services, Canada, n/a.

Somatic distress: mean = 51.8 vs 57.5 ^a

 Sieberer et al. [69]

General working pop., survey, Germany, 2008

Poor mental health: OR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.44–3.04

 Sundin et al. [87]

A general working pop. Only women, survey, Sweden, 2003

Burnout: mean = 3.2 vs. 3.0 ^a

 Vives et al. [89]

A general working pop., survey, Spain, 2004/5

Poor mental health: ERR^# = 1.54 (PR 33% vs 22%) (w) ^a and ERR^#= 1.13 (PR 33% vs. 29.%) (m)^NS