Table 4 Factors associated with any breastfeeding vs non-breastfeeding (non-BF) among participating mothers, N = 3659, bi- and multi-variable logistic analysis
Non-BF | BF | Total | bi variable | multi-variable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk Factors | n | % | n | % | n | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
Age of the mother | |||||||||
< 20 | 147 | 20.9 | 555 | 79.1 | 702 | ref | ref | ||
20–29 | 511 | 24.9 | 1538 | 75.1 | 2049 | 0.8 | (0.6–0.9) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) |
30–49 | 296 | 32.6 | 612 | 67.4 | 908 | 0.5 | (0.4–0.7) | 0.6 | (0.5–0.9) |
Education level | |||||||||
0–7 | 53 | 16.4 | 271 | 83.6 | 324 | ref | Ref | ||
8–11 | 437 | 23.2 | 1447 | 76.8 | 1884 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.9) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
12 | 460 | 32.0 | 977 | 68.0 | 1437 | 0.4 | (0.3–0.6) | 0.4 | (0.3–0.6) |
Geographic area | |||||||||
Rural | 573 | 22.9 | 1925 | 77.1 | 2498 | ref | ref | ||
Urban | 381 | 32.8 | 780 | 67.2 | 1161 | 0.6 | (0.5–0.8) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.0) |
Household connected to electricity | |||||||||
No | 118 | 16.0 | 618 | 84.0 | 736 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 835 | 28.6 | 2087 | 71.4 | 2922 | 0.5 | (0.4–0.6) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
Socioeconomic quintile | |||||||||
1 (Low) | 223 | 18.3 | 997 | 81.7 | 1220 | ref | ref | ||
2 | 283 | 23.2 | 937 | 76.8 | 1220 | 0.7 | (0.6–0.9) | 1.0 | (0.8–1.3) |
3 (high) | 448 | 36.8 | 771 | 63.2 | 1219 | 0.4 | (0.3–0.5) | 0.7 | (0.5–0.9) |
Mother working | |||||||||
No/never | 780 | 23.2 | 2583 | 76.8 | 3363 | ref | Ref | ||
Returned work | 174 | 58.8 | 122 | 41.2 | 296 | 0.2 | (0.2–0.3) | 0.3 | (0.2–0.4) |
Mother returned to school since birth | |||||||||
No/not in school | 855 | 25.1 | 2558 | 74.9 | 3413 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 99 | 40.2 | 147 | 59.8 | 246 | 0.5 | (0.4–0.7) | 0.2 | (0.2–0.3) |
HIV status | |||||||||
Negative | 488 | 21.3 | 1805 | 78.7 | 2293 | ref | ref | ||
Positive | 435 | 34.1 | 839 | 65.9 | 1274 | 0.5 | (0.4–0.6) | 0.5 | (0.4–0.6) |
Unknown | 31 | 33.7 | 61 | 66.3 | 92 | 0.5 | (0.3–0.9) | 0.7 | (0.4–1.0) |
Feeding advice given at ANC clinic | |||||||||
No | 189 | 31.0 | 421 | 69.0 | 610 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 765 | 25.1 | 2284 | 74.9 | 3049 | 1.3 | (1.1–1.7) | 1.4 | (1.1–1.8) |
Feeding advice given at delivery | |||||||||
No | 206 | 26.0 | 585 | 74.0 | 791 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 748 | 26.1 | 2120 | 73.9 | 2868 | 1.0 | (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 | (0.7–1.0) |
Infant placed skin-to-skin after delivery | |||||||||
No | 347 | 27.6 | 908 | 72.4 | 1255 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 607 | 25.2 | 1797 | 74.8 | 2404 | 1.1 | (0.9–1.4) | 0.98 | (0.8–1.2) |
Initiated breastfeeding within 1 h of delivery | |||||||||
No | 644 | 31.1 | 1428 | 68.9 | 2072 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 310 | 19.5 | 1277 | 80.5 | 1587 | 1.9 | (1.5–2.2) | 1.7 | (1.5–2.1) |
Mother helped with breastfeeding initiation | |||||||||
No | 558 | 30.9 | 1250 | 69.1 | 1808 | ref | |||
Yes | 396 | 21.4 | 1455 | 78.6 | 1851 | 1.6 | (1.4–2.0) | 1.4 | (1.2–1.7) |
Feeding advice by CHW: antenatal | |||||||||
No | 903 | 27.2 | 2417 | 72.8 | 3320 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 51 | 15.0 | 288 | 85.0 | 339 | 2.1 | (1.5–2.9) | 1.9 | (1.3–2.7) |
Feeding advice by CHW: postnatal | |||||||||
No | 878 | 26.8 | 2403 | 73.2 | 3281 | ref | ref | ||
Yes | 76 | 20.1 | 302 | 79.9 | 378 | 1.5 | (1.1–1.9) | 1.0 | (0.7–1.5) |