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Table 2 Country-specific numbers (%) of participants with and without arthritis, across physical work-related stressors

From: Arthritis diagnosis and symptoms are positively associated with specific physical job exposures in lower- and middle-income countries: cross-sectional results from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE)

Job exposure, and exposure status

Ghana (n = 3924)

India (n = 8773)

Russian Federation (n = 5144)

South Africa (n = 2396)

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Doctor-diagnosed arthritis

HPW

Yes

327 (11.1%)

2628 (88.9%)

828 (14.6%)

4822 (85.3%)

470 (34.9%)

875 (65.1%)

205 (18.0%)

931 (81.9%)

 

No

118 (9.9%)

1068 (90.0%)

483 (13.6%)

3077 (86.4%)

1132 (27.1%)

3046 (72.9%)

215 (15.6%)

1165 (84.4%)

K/S

Yes

178 (13.9%)

1100 (86.1%)

246 (17.1%)

1194 (82.9%)

210 (34.6%)

396 (65.4%)

178 (22.7%)

605 (77.3%)

No

267 (9.3%)

2596 (90.7%)

1065 (13.7%)

6705 (86.3%)

1392 (28.3%)

3525 (71.7%)

242 (14.0%)

1491 (86.0%)

HL

Yes

152 (8.6%)

1610 (91.4%)

585 (14.3%)

3492 (85.6%)

187 (34.9%)

349 (65.1%)

36 (10.9%)

293 (89.1%)

 

No

293 (12.3%)

2086 (87.7%)

726 (14.1%)

4407 (85.6%)

1415 (28.4%)

3572 (71.6%)

384 (17.6%)

1803 (82.4%)

AE

Yes

5 (3.4%)

143 (96.6%)

53 (24.5%)

163 (75.5%)

138 (39.0%)

216 (61.0%)

9 (9.3%)

88 (90.7%)

 

No

440 (11.0%)

3553 (89.0%)

1258 (14.0%)

7736 (86.0%)

1464 (28.3%)

3705 (71.7%)

411 (17.0%)

2008 (83.0%)

AP

Yes

335 (11.1%)

2669 (88.8%)

440 (16.1%)

2292 (83.9%)

228 (32.7%)

470 (67.3%)

64 (20.6%)

246 (79.3%)

 

No

110 (9.7%)

1027 (90.3%)

871 (13.4%)

5607 (86.5%)

1374 (28.5%)

3451 (71.5%)

356 (16.1%)

1850 (83.9%)

Symptom-defined arthritis

HPW

Yes

279 (9.9%)

2538 (90.1%)

191 (3.6%)

5153 (96.4%)

151 (12.0%)

1105 (88.0%)

30 (2.8%)

1057 (97.2%)

 

No

134 (12.1%)

973 (87.9%)

41 (1.2%)

3388 (98.8%)

332 (8.5%)

3556 (91.5%)

27 (2.1%)

1282 (97.9%)

K/S

Yes

161 (13.3%)

1046 (86.7%)

55 (4.1%)

1276 (95.9%)

100 (17.2%)

482 (82.8%)

25 (3.4%)

716 (96.6%)

 

No

252 (9.3%)

2465 (9.7%)

177 (2.4%)

7265 (97.6%)

383 (8.4%)

4179 (91.6%)

32 (1.9%)

1623 (98.1%)

HL

Yes

128 (7.6%)

1551 (92.4%)

139 (3.6%)

3711 (96.4%)

98 (18.8%)

423 (81.2%)

2 (0.6%)

320 (99.4%)

 

No

285 (12.7%)

1960 (87.3%)

93 (1.9%)

4830 (98.1%)

385 (8.3%)

4238 (91.7%)

55 (2.6%)

2019 (97.3%)

AE

Yes

13 (10.7%)

108 (89.3%)

8 (5.1%)

149 (94.9%)

55 (16.2%)

285 (83.8%)

1 (1.1%)

90 (98.9%)

 

No

400 (10.5%)

3403 (89.5%)

224 (2.6%)

8392 (97.4%)

428 (8.9%)

4376 (91.1%)

56 (2.4%)

2249 (97.6%)

AP

Yes

273 (9.5%)

2590 (90.5%)

91 (3.5%)

2487 (96.5%)

79 (11.8%)

592 (88.2%)

11 (3.6%)

293 (96.4%)

 

No

140 (13.2%)

921 (86.8%)

141 (2.3%)

6054 (97.7%)

404 (9.0%)

4069 (91.0%)

46 (2.2%)

2046 (97.8%)

  1. Abbreviations: HPW heavy physical work, K/S kneeling/squatting, HL heavy lifting, AE arm elevation, AP awkward trunk posture