Washing with hope: evidence of improved handwashing among children in South Africa from a pilot study of a novel soap technology

Table 5 Ordinary least squares regression models of treatment effects on experience of illness

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
	Illness score [1–14]	Illness score [1–14]	Illness score [1–14]	Illness score [1–14]	Any illness [0/1]	Any illness [0/1]	Any illness [0/1]
Treatment: HOPE SOAP©	−0.20^a	− 0.28	−0.35	− 0.10	−0.06	− 0.06	−0.09
Treatment: HOPE SOAP©	(−0.79–0.39)	(−0.86–0.31)	(−0.96–0.26)	(−0.82–0.62)	(−0.19–0.08)	(−0.18–0.07)	(−0.22–0.05)
Baseline illness measure			0.19**	0.24**			0.16**
Baseline illness measure			(0.04–0.34)	(0.02–0.47)			(0.01–0.31)
Treatment*Baseline illness measure				−0.10
Treatment*Baseline illness measure				(−0.39–0.18)
Controls	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes
Observations	249	247	236	236	236	236	236
R-squared	0.01	0.07	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.07	0.13

^aBeta coefficient presented followed by 95% confidence intervals in parentheses
*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, *p < 0.1
Additional controls included but not reported: Female, age, household size, number of children in HH, asset ownership, piped water available in HH, HH limits water use; soap observed in HH; HH received hygiene training; caregiver depressed/anxious; child had difficulty opening tap; child cannot reach taps; child’s hands too small for soap. The full model, with coefficients for all control variables, is presented in Additional file 1: Table S5

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