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Table 3 Pregnancy and delivery related factors based on type of delivery

From: High prevalence of cesarean section births in private sector health facilities- analysis of district level household survey-4 (DLHS-4) of India

Variables

Categories

Normal

Caesarean

Chi-Square

P-Value

Antenatal care related

 

N (%)

N (%)

  

4 + ANC

Yes

8236 (73.1)

3035 (26.9)

131.01

0.001

No

3413 (82)

749 (18)

Received abdomen check BP Blood Test and Urine Test at least once

Yes

12,106 (75.6)

3913 (24.4)

127.63

0.001

No

1659 (87.1)

245 (12.9)

USG done

Yes

9099 (73)

3360 (27)

325.87

0.001

No

4666 (85.4)

798 (14.6)

Main place of ANC

Public

8163 (83.3)

1641 (16.7)

732.03

0.001

Private

4319 (64.9)

2335 (35.1)

Home

156 (80.4)

38 (19.6)

Complications during pregnancy

 Pallor/ weakness/ giddiness

Yes

1515 (75.4)

495 (24.6)

2.61

0.106

No

12,258 (77)

3664 (23)

 Weak or no movement of foetus

Yes

273 (72.4)

104 (27.6)

4.17

0.041

No

13,500 (76.9)

4055 (23.1)

 Abnormal position of fetus

Yes

179 (73.4)

65 (26.6)

1.65

0.199

No

13,594 (76.9)

4094 (23.1)

 High Blood Pressure

Yes

527 (64.9)

285 (35.1)

67.67

0.001

No

13,246 (77.4)

3874 (22.6)

 Bleeding

Yes

143 (73.3)

52 (26.7)

1.34

0.248

No

13,630 (76.8)

4107 (23.2)

Delivery complications

 Convulsion

Yes

370 (61.7)

230 (38.3)

79.77

0.001

No

13,400 (77.3)

3930 (22.7)

 Excessive bleeding

Yes

718 (76.5)

221 (23.5)

0.06

0.803

No

13,052 (76.8)

3939 (23.2)

 Prolonged labour

Yes

1085 (73.3)

396 (26.7)

11.34

0.001

No

12,685 (77.1)

3764 (22.9)

 Breach presentation

Yes

243 (55.9)

192 (44.1)

109.67

0.001

No

13,527 (77.3)

3968 (22.7)

 Obstructed labour

Yes

1350 (75.5)

439 (24.5)

2.01

0.158

No

12,420 (76.9)

3721 (23.1)

 Place of delivery

Private

4380(62.1)

2674(37.9)

1413

0.001

Public

9394(86.3)

1486(13.7)

  1. Data missing: four or more antenatal care visits for 2501; Received abdomen check BP Blood Test and Urine Test at least once for 11; USG at least once for 11; Main place for 1282; Pallor/ weakness/ giddiness for 2; Weak or no movement of foetus for 2; Abnormal position of fetus for 2; High Blood Pressure for 2; Bleeding for 2; convulsion for 4; Prolonged labour for 4; Breach presentation for 4; Obstructed labour for 4