Factors associated with recent intimate partner violence experience amongst currently married women in Afghanistan and health impacts of IPV: a cross sectional study

Table 2 Descriptive associations between socio-demographic, and IPV risk factors for women experiencing past year emotional IPV, and emotional and physical IPV (n = 902)¹

			No IPV		Emotional IPV only		Physical and Emotional IPV
Demographic factors		N	%/mean	n/95%	%/mean	n/95%	%/mean	n/95%	p-value³
Age	Age 18/24	155	70.2	106	11.3	17	18.5	28
	25/29	165	71.5	118	10.9	18	17.6	29
	30/34	162	63.6	103	13.0	21	23.5	38
	35/39	200	64.0	128	13.5	27	22.5	45
	40+	224	63.4	142	10.3	23	26.3	59	0.5048
Education	Education: None	748	65.8	492	11.9	89	22.3	167
	Madrasa²	46	58.7	27	10.9	5	30.4	14
	Primary	74	66.2	49	14.9	11	18.9	14
	Secondary	31	83.9	26	3.2	1	12.9	4	0.2845
Ethnic Group	Ethnic Group Pashtun	191	52.9	101	12.0	23	35.1	67
	Tajik	482	72.4	349	10.4	50	17.2	83
	Hazara	216	65.7	142	12.5	27	21.8	47
	Other	13	38.5	5	46.2	6	15.4	2	< 0.00001
Individual level factors
	Attend women’s group savings (no)	523	75.0	392	5.9	31	19.1	100
	Attend women’s group savings (yes)	379	54.1	205	19.8	75	26.1	99	< 0.00001
	Individual gender attitudes	902	21.8	21.5–22.0	22.6	22.0–23.2	22.7	22.2–23.1
	Childhood Trauma	900	14.8	14.6–15.0	15.8	15.0–16.5	16.4	15.8–17.0
Livelihoods related factors
	Food insecurity	901	4.7	4.5–4.9	6.2	5.7–6.7	6.6	6.2–7.0
	Earnings past month	902	3382.0	3060–3705	3516.0	2673–4359	2603.0	2110–3096
Family/husband factors
	Only wife	838	68.5	574	11.5	96	20.1	168
	More than one wife	63	34.9	22	15.9	10	49.2	31	< 0.00001
	Husband cruelty	902	9.8	9.7–9.8	9.9	9.8–10.0	11.1	10.9–11.2
	Violence from other family member (no)	735	73.1	537	10.3	76	16.6	122
	Violence from other family member (yes)	167	35.9	60	18.0	30	46.1	77	< 0.00001
	Perceived community gender attitudes	902	21.5	21.2–21.7	22.9	22.4–23.4	23.5	23.7–24.0
Health factors
	Depressive symptoms	901	12.5	11.9–13.1	15.8	14.1–17.5	20.8	19.3–22.4
	Disability severity	897	1.0	0.9–1.1	1.7	1.4–2.0	2.4	2.2–2.7

¹ The difference in N between Table 1 and Table 2 is due to the categorization of IPV, where women (n = 17) who only experienced physical IPV were dropped from analysis; ²Madrasa – religious school; ³ p-values are calculated through chi-square tests for categorical variables

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