Active aging
|
Active Aging (68 items UJACAS Scale)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[4]
|
Perceived active aging (single item)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[4]
|
Motivation for active aging (single item)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[4]
|
Barriers to active aging (two items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[4]
|
Perceived age (eight items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[15]
|
Wellbeing and quality of life
|
Psychological wellbeing (42-item Scales of Psychological wellbeing)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[18]
|
Emotional wellbeing (five-item Satisfaction with Life Scale)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[19]
|
Depressive symptoms (CES-D questionnaire; 20 items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[21]
|
Quality of life (13-item OPQOL-brief questionnaire)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[24]
|
Perceived quality of life and life satisfaction (two items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Self-rated health (single item)
|
x
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[9]
|
Perceived stress in life (single item)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Sense of autonomy outdoors (five-item subscale of IPA)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[27]
|
Self-reported functional status (ADL & IADL) (twelve items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[27]
|
Physical activity
|
One-week physical activity surveillance (with tri-axial accelerometers and wearable ECG recorder)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
[28]
|
Self-reported habitual physical activity level (single question)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[34]
|
Self-reported habitual physical activity (eight-item YAPS)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[35]
|
Unmet physical activity need (three items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [39]
|
Resilience
|
Psychological resilience (ten-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[40]
|
Physiological resilience (one-week heart rate and heart rate variability monitoring with wearable ECG recorder)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
Adapted from [41]
|
Objective fatigability in cognitive and walking tests (heart rate, lactate, slowing)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [45, 47, 48]
|
Subjective fatigability in cognitive and walking tests (repeated assessment of two items)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
[43], adapted from [44]
|
Fatigability in daily life (13-item Situational Fatigue Scale)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[49]
|
Environmental support and social engagement
|
Housing and living situation (four items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Perceived safety of the neighborhood (three items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Use and perception of neighborhood environment (SoftGIS)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [50, 110]
|
Activity-space (SoftGIS)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [51]
|
Objectively assessed environment (GIS)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [52, 53]
|
Socioeconomic status (five items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[54, 55]
|
Loneliness (single item)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[56]
|
Marital status (single item)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Social contacts (four items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[27]
|
Provision of social support (two items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
Personal hobbies (single item)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
Perceived age discrimination (single item)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [57]
|
Physical and sensory function
|
Maximal isometric handgrip strength (hand-held dynamometer)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[58]
|
Maximal isometric strength of handgrip and knee extension (adjustable dynamometer fixed to a chair)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[34]
|
Reaction time and sensory motor speed (simple and complex task)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[59]
|
Lower extremity performance (SPPB)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[60, 61]
|
Ten-meter walking speed at habitual speed
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
[63]
|
Ten-meter walking speed at maximal speed
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[64]
|
Six-minute walk
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [47, 66]
|
Gait characteristics (accelerometry)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
x
|
–
|
[67, 68]
|
Self-reported hearing (three items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Objective hearing acuity (pure-tone audiometry)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
[71]
|
Self-reported vision (three items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Binocular visual acuity (illuminated Landolt ring chart)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[72]
|
Respiratory function (spirometry)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
| |
Cognitive capacity
|
Cognitive impairment (19-item MMSE)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[74]
|
Trail Making Test
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
[75]
|
Digit span (item from Wechsler Memory Scale)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[81]
|
Digit symbol test (item from Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[84]
|
Phenomic verbal fluency test (item from Schaie-Thurstone Adult Mental Abilities Test)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[82]
|
Physical health
|
Self-reported physician diagnosed diseases
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Adapted from [27]
|
Severe pain, recent fractures and hospital admissions
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
Prescription medication (self-reported)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
Clinical health examination
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
| |
Blood sample (total, HDL and LDL cholesterol)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
| |
Blood sample (C-reactive protein, small blood count, and vitamin D)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
| |
Resting electrocardiogram (ECG)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
| |
Orthostatic test
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
|
[90]
|
Blood pressure and arterial stiffness (pulse wave analysis)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
[91]
|
Body weight and height
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
x
| |
Body composition (bioimpedance, waist circumference)
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
| |
Physical frailty phenotype (five items)
|
x
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[98]
|
Health behavior and health literacy
|
Self-reported use of alcohol (four items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
Self-reported smoking history (single items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Perceived own role in health behavior (three items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Nutritional status and habits (eight-item Abbreviated Screen II)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[99]
|
Health literacy (16-item HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[102]
|
Mobility
|
Life-space mobility (15-item LSA questionnaire)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[105, 106]
|
Transportation modes (four items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[111]
|
Self-reported mobility limitation (three items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[107, 108]
|
Self-reported mobility task accommodation (three items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[107]
|
Assistive device use (eight items)
|
–
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[27]
|
Fear of falling (single item)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
[27]
|
Fall history (three items)
|
x
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
| |
Other
|
Debriefing (two items)
|
–
|
x
|
x
|
–
|
–
| |
Age and sex
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
| |
Life years
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
x
|
[9]
|