Table 2 Risk factors of slide positivity in the Salween River Valley of Shan Special Region II, Myanmar
Slide positivity (%, 95%CI) | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P values | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||
Male (n = 227) | 50 (22.0, 18.8–28.0) | 0.70 (0.42–1.16) | 0.1737 | 0.81 (0.37–1.26) | 0.1936 |
Female (n = 142) | 41 (28.9, 21.6–37.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Age (years) | |||||
< 15(n = 41) | 39 (95.1, 83.5–99.4) | 103.5 (25.0–895.8) | < 0.0001 | 99.8 (24.7–887.7) | < 0.0001 |
≥ 16(n = 328) | 52 (15.8, 12.1–20.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Annual average income (US$) | |||||
≤ 100(n = 191) | 53 (27.7, 21.5–34.7) | 1.37 (0.83–2.29) | 0.2371 | 1.52 (0.81–2.45) | 0.2475 |
≥ 101(n = 174) | 38 (21.8, 15.9–28.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
Family size of the household | |||||
≤ 5(n = 183) | 59 (32.2, 25.5–39.5) | 2.29 (1.37–3.87) | 0.0012 | 0.89 (0.67–3.93) | 0.1819 |
≥ 6 (n = 186) | 32 (17.2, 12.1–23.4) | 1 | 1 | ||
Altitude of residence (meters) | |||||
< 800 (n = 117) | 56 (47.9, 38.5–57.3) | 5.69 (3.32–9.79) | < 0.0001 | 6.61 (3.57–10.49) | < 0.0001 |
≥ 800 (n = 252) | 35 (13.9, 9.9–18.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
Malaria knowledge of household heads | |||||
No malaria knowledge of cause and symptoms (n = 52) | 22 (42.3, 28.7–56.8) | 7.33 (2.62–22.22) | 0.00002 | 6.35 (2.45–23.27) | 0.0001 |
Only knowing malaria symptoms (n = 240) | 62 (25.8, 20.4–31.9) | 3.48 (1.49–9.43) | 0.0033 | 2.98 (1.27–10.46) | 0.0036 |
Knowing mosquitoes (n = 77) | 7 (9.1, 3.7–17.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
Use of measures against mosquito bite | |||||
No (n = 172) | 57 (33.1, 26.2–40.7) | 2.38 (1.42–4.00) | 0.0004 | 2.10 (1.22–5.11) | 0.0015 |
Yes (n = 197) | 34 (17.3, 12.3–23.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Family decision | |||||
Husband and no response (n = 294) | 82 (27.9, 22.8–33.4) | 2.83 (1.32–6.76) | 0.0069 | 1.89 (0.68–10.77) | 0.0765 |
Wife or co-decision (n = 75) | 9 (12.0, 5.6–21.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
Distance from health facilities or drug shops | |||||
> 3 km (n = 295) | 81 (27.5, 22.4–32.9) | 2.42 (1.16–5.54) | 0.0152 | 1.62 (0.66–8.44) | 0.0858 |
≤ 3 km (n = 74) | 10 (13.5, 6.7–23.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
Time between onset of illness and seeking treatment | |||||
> 48 h and never sought treatment (n = 227) | 79 (34.8, 28.6–41.4) | 5.78 (2.95–12.15) | < 0.0001 | 5.55 (2.65–13.05) | < 0.0001 |
≤ 48 (n = 142) | 12 (8.5, 4.4–14.3) | 1 | 1 | ||