First author, year published
|
Interventiona
|
Threshold (%)b
|
Percentage reductionc
|
---|
R0 ≤ 1.9
|
R0 = 2.0–2.4
|
R0 ≥ 2.5
|
---|
Zhang, 2012 [31]
|
Single
|
0.02
|
18
|
–
|
–
|
0.25
|
18
|
–
|
–
|
1.5
|
18
|
–
|
–
|
5.0
|
17
|
–
|
–
|
Halloran-Imperial/Pitt model, 2008 [39]
|
Multiple + AV
|
0.0001
|
99
|
96
|
64
|
0.001
|
99
|
95
|
64
|
0.01
|
99
|
94
|
64
|
0.1
|
97
|
88
|
62
|
1.0
|
83
|
70
|
53
|
10.0
|
31
|
27
|
23
|
Halloran-UW/LANL model, 2008 [39]
|
Multiple + AV
|
0.0001
|
99
|
99
|
99
|
0.001
|
99
|
99
|
99
|
0.01
|
99
|
99
|
99
|
0.1
|
99
|
99
|
98
|
1.0
|
94
|
92
|
86
|
10.0
|
57
|
54
|
47
|
Halloran-VBI model, 2008 [39]
|
Multiple + AV
|
0.0001
|
96
|
89
|
67
|
0.001
|
96
|
89
|
67
|
0.01
|
96
|
89
|
67
|
0.1
|
96
|
88
|
66
|
1.0
|
91
|
81
|
64
|
10.0
|
55
|
49
|
50
|
Milne, 2008 [34, 40]
|
Single
|
Prior to first case
|
28
|
–
|
–
|
2 weeks after 1st case
|
27
|
–
|
–
|
4 weeks after 1st case
|
25
|
–
|
–
|
6 weeks after 1st case
|
19
|
–
|
–
|
Multiple
|
Prior to first case
|
94
|
–
|
95
|
2 weeks after 1st case
|
94
|
–
|
89
|
4 weeks after 1st case
|
86
|
–
|
29
|
6 weeks after 1st case
|
73
|
–
|
1
|
Milne, 2013 [35]
|
Multiple
|
Immediately after 1st case
|
63
|
–
|
–
|
2 weeks after 1st case
|
63
|
–
|
–
|
4 weeks after 1st case
|
48
|
–
|
–
|
- Abbreviations: R
0
basic reproduction number, Imperial/Pitt Imperial College and the University of Pittsburgh, UW/LANL University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle and the Los Alamos National Laboratories, VBI Virginia Bioinformatics Institute of the Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State University
- aSingle: Workplace social distancing; Multiple: Workplace social distancing and other nonpharmaceutical interventions; AV: Antiviral treatment and prophylaxis
- bThreshold percent: Cumulative influenza illness attack rate in the general population that will trigger intervention
- cPercentage reduction = ((Attack rate in the absence of intervention – Attack rate with intervention) / Attack rate in the absence of intervention) × 100