BMC Public Health

Table 3 Mean valence of cigarette and electronic cigarette image by cigarette smoker status

From: Affect, risk perception, and the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes: a population study of U.S. adults

	Cigarette images				E-cigarette images
Image categories	Total	Current smoker	Former smoker	Never smoker	Total	Current smoker	Former smoker	Never smoker
Synonym	− 0.62	0.01	− 0.72	− 1.02	− 0.27	0.19	− 0.19	− 0.47
Disgust	− 0.99	− 0.96	− 0.85	− 1.05	− 0.69	− 0.63	− 0.34	− 0.86
Risky	− 1.40	− 1.42	− 1.32	− 1.43	− 1.22	− 0.66	− 1.11	− 1.30
Addiction	− 0.94	− 0.33	− 1.04	− 1.29	− 0.86	− 0.11	− 0.62	− 1.11
Relaxing/ Satisfaction	1.10	1.30	0.77	0.28	0.96	0.85	1.15	0.94
Safer than cigarettes	–	–	–	–	0.82	1.12	0.72	0.78
Same/worse than cigarette	–	–	–	–	− 0.44	0.25	− 0.34	− 0.57
Other	0.02	− 0.16	0.37	− 0.34	0.03	0.28	0.17	− 0.14
Overall	− 0.83	− 0.05	− 0.70	− 1.10	−0.24	0.22	− 0.10	− 0.43

Note: Valence was rated on a 5-point scale from −2 (very bad) to + 2 (very good) (with 0 being “neither good nor bad”)

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ISSN: 1471-2458

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