Table 1 Definitions of osteoporosis and risk factors of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis ^a

Using ICD, ATC codes

Diagnostic code (ICD, DRG), antiresorptive medication (ATC)

Risk factors for osteoporosis according to FRAX® score^a [11]

Using ICD, DRG, CHOP, Tarmed and ATC codes

Steroid medication, fracture in typical location (distal radius fracture, proximal humerus fracture, vertebral fracture, femur fracture) rheumatoid arthritis, insulin dependent diabetes (as a proxy variable for type I diabetes), osteogenesis imperfecta, hyperthyroidism, hypogonadism, chronic liver disease, nicotine and alcohol abuses, malnutrition, underweight or malabsorption (including gastric by-pass and inflammatory bowel disease)

Risk factors for osteoporosis according to Swiss Association against Osteoporosis (SVGO) ^a

Using ICD, DRG, CHOP, Tarmed and ATC codes

Hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, asthma or COPD, multiple myeloma, antiepileptic drugs and anti-HIV drugs