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Table 4 Secondary outcomes - more active versus less active groups (Direct measures of balance)

From: The association between balance and free-living physical activity in an older community-dwelling adult population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Comparison or subgroup

No. of studies

N

Effect size

Heterogeneity

*1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Somatosensory. ratio).++

3

139

0.90 (−0.58, 2.38)

81%

1.1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Somatosensory. ratio). ++.

2

63

0.16 (003, 0.29)

0%

*2 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Visual ratio). ++

3

139

−2.71 (−3.99, −1.44)

100%

2.1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Visual ratio). ++

2

63

0.13 (0.03, 0.22)

40%

*3 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Vestibular ratio). ++

3

139

−0.02 (−0.04, 0.00)

0%

3.1 Somatosensory Organisation Test (Vestibular ratio). ++

2

63

−0.02 (− 0.04, 0.00)

0%

*4 Static total body stability eyes open (m). Low value indicates better balance.

3

302

−0.37 (− 0.74, 0.01)

57%

*5 Static total body stability eyes open (cm2). Low value indicates better balance.

4

231

−0.89 (−2.11, 0.33)

93%

5.1 Static total body stability eyes open (cm2). Low value indicates better balance.

2

145

0.34 (−0.25, 0.94)

66%

*6 Static total body stability eyes open (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance.

3

161

−1.55 (−3.35, 0.25)

95%

6.1 Static total body stability eyes open (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance.

2

135

0.07 (−0.29, 0.43)

2%

*7 Static total body stability eyes closed (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance.

3

161

−1.67 (−3.50, 0.16)

95%

7.1 Static total body stability eyes closed (velocity) (cm/s). Low value indicates better balance.

2

135

−3.05 (−9.53, 3.43)

2%

*8 Static ML stability body angle (degrees). Low value indicates better balance.

2

96

−0.12 (−0.52, 0.28)

0%

*9 Static AP stability body angle (degrees). Low value indicates better balance.

2

96

−0.11 (− 0.75, 0.53)

60%

*10 Dynamic AP stability (forward) (angle °). Low value indicates better balance.

2

72

0.01 (−2.19, 2.22)

94%

*11 Dynamic Loss of Stability (max excursion) (%). Low value indicates better balance.

2

68

1.09 (0.57,1.60)

0%

*12 Dynamic Loss of stability (directional control) (%). Low value indicates better balance.

2

68

1.02 (0.47, 1.58)

11%

  1. Note: Data is shown for 12 variables. For some variables there are two sets of data, the first set of data identified with * includes all available data, whereas the second set of data excludes studies at high risk of bias
  2. Higher value indicates better balance unless otherwise stated
  3. ++ Mean difference (95% CI) was calculated (SOT visual, vestibular and somatosensory ratios), and standardised mean (95% CI) calculated for all other measures
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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