Association between objectively measured physical activity and body mass index with low back pain: a large-scale cross-sectional study of Japanese men

Table 3 Multivariable-adjusted odds ratio for persistent LBP by PA levels and BMI

	N	With Persistent LBP	Persistent LBP per 100 men	Age-adjusted OR (95% CI)	Multivariable^a OR (95% CI)	Multivariable^b OR (95% CI)
Physical activity levels
High	1337	115	8.6	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
Middle	1343	160	11.9	1.46 (1.14–1.89)	1.46 (1.13–1.88)	1.46 (1.13–1.88)
Low	1342	153	11.4	1.37 (1.06–1.76)	1.36 (1.05–1.76)	1.35 (1.04–1.74)
P for linearity				0.009	0.009	0.012
Obesity status
BMI < 25	2768	273	9.9	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
BMI ≥ 25	1254	155	12.4	1.26 (1.02–1.55)	1.22 (0.99–1.52)	1.22 (0.98–1.51)

LBP Low back pain, BMI Body mass index, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
^aAdjusted for age (years), hypertension (yes, no), dyslipidemia (yes, no), diabetes (yes, no), drinking (nondrinker, drinker), and smoking (nonsmoker, smoker, former smoker)
^bFurther adjusted for body mass index (kg/m²) for physical activity categories or physical activity (minutes/day) for obesity status

ISSN: 1471-2458