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Table 2 Cox proportional hazard models of the association between secondhand smoke exposure, peripheral arterial disease and all-cause mortality

From: Secondhand smoke exposure and risk of incident peripheral arterial disease and mortality: a Scotland-wide retrospective cohort study of 4045 non-smokers with cotinine measurement

 

Cotinine

(ng/mL)

Number of events/ number of participants

Unadjusted

 

Partially adjusted†

 

Fully adjusted‡

 
   

HR (95%CI)

P value

P value for trend

HR (95%CI)

P value

P value for trend

HR (95%CI)

P value

P value for trend

PAD incidence

 All non-smokers1

0–0.6*

40/2882

1.00

–

0.172

1.00

–

0.140

1.00

–

0.382

0.7–2.6

16/850

1.26 (0.71–2.25)

0.437

 

1.30 (0.73–2.33)

0.372

 

1.15 (0.64–2.06)

0.648

 

2.7–14.9

8/313

1.64 (0.77–3.49)

0.203

 

1.66 (0.77–3.51)

0.184

 

1.38 (0.65–2.95)

0.400

 

 Male non-smokers1

0–0.6*

16/1250

1.00

–

0.100

1.00

–

0.084

1.00

–

0.280

0.7–2.6

5/423

0.82 (0.30–2.24)

0.702

 

0.91 (0.33–2.49)

0.848

 

0.76 (0.28–2.07)

0.595

 

2.7–14.9

7/167

2.89 (1.18–7.10)

0.021

 

2.82 (1.14–6.96)

0.024

 

2.10 (0.78–5.65)

0.141

 

 Female non-smokers1

0–0.6*

24/1632

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

1.00

–

–

0.7–2.6

11/427

1.66 (0.81–3.38)

0.165

 

1.65 (0.81–3.37)

0.168

 

1.51 (0.73–3.15)

0.266

 

2.7–14.9

1/146

**

**

 

**

**

 

**

**

 

All-cause mortality

 All non-smokers1

0–0.6*

362/2882

1.00

–

0.004

1.00

–

0.001

1.00

–

0.043

0.7–2.6

145/850

1.25 (1.03–1.52)

0.022

 

1.34 (1.10–1.63)

0.003

 

1.24 (1.02–1.51)

0.034

 

2.7–14.9

61/313

1.30 (1.04–1.79)

0.024

 

1.42 (1.09–1.86)

0.011

 

1.21 (0.91–1.61)

0.194

 

 Male non-smokers1

0–0.6*

178/1250

1.00

–

0.006

1.00

–

0.001

1.00

–

0.004

0.7–2.6

85/423

1.26 (0.98–1.63)

0.077

 

1.47 (1.13–1.92)

0.004

 

1.40 (1.07–1.83)

0.014

 

2.7–14.9

41/167

1.52 (1.09–2.13)

0.014

 

1.54 (1.08–2.18)

0.016

 

1.54 (1.07–2.22)

0.020

 

 Female non-smokers2

0–0.6*

184/1632

1.00

–

0.475

1.00

–

0.504

1.00

–

0.523

0.7–2.6

60/427

1.14 (0.85–1.53)

0.380

 

1.14 (0.85–1.53)

0.368

 

1.03 (0.76–1.40)

0.836

 

2.7–14.9

20/146

1.07 (0.68–1.70)

0.764

 

1.05 (0.67–1.65)

0.828

 

0.80 (0.51–1.27)

0.344

 
  1. HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, PAD peripheral arterial disease
  2. *reference; ** only one participant; † adjusted for age and sex for all non-smokers, adjusted for age for male or female non-smokers; ‡ partially adjusted plus deprivation quintile, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption and survey year
  3. 1Test of proportional-hazards assumption all p ≥ 0.050
  4. 2Test of proportional-hazards assumption all p < 0.050
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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