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Table 4 Determinants of children’s immunization status

From: Determinants of immunization status among 12- to 23-month-old children in Indonesia (2008–2013): a multilevel analysis

Determinants

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Residential area

Rural

 

ref

ref

Urban

 

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

1.04 (0.99–1.09)

Birth

Not attended by health professional

 

ref

ref

Attended by health professional

 

1.49 (1.43–1.56)**

1.47 (1.4–1.54)**

Mother’s age

≤20 years

 

ref

ref

21–30 years

 

1.12 (1.04–1.2)*

1.13 (1.05–1.22)*

> 30 years

 

1.25 (1.16–1.35)**

1.26 (1.16–1.36)**

Mother’s education

Primary/no education

 

ref

ref

Secondary

 

1.29 (1.24–1.35)**

1.23 (1.18–1.29)**

Higher

 

1.30 (1.22–1.39)**

1.23 (1.15–1.32)**

Mother’s employment status

Unemployed

 

ref

ref

Employed

 

0.98 (0.95–1.02)

0.99 (0.96–1.03)

Parity status

Low

 

ref

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Medium

 

0.88 (0.84–0.92)**

0.89 (0.85–0.93)**

High

 

0.66 (0.61–0.72)**

0.64 (0.59–0.7)**

Wealth Index

Q1 (poorest quintile)

 

Ref

 

Q2

 

1.19 (1.13–1.26)**

1.2 (1.13–1.26)**

Q3

 

1.26 (1.18–1.33)**

1.27 (1.2–1.35)**

Q4

 

1.28 (1.2–1.37)**

1.31 (1.23–1.4)**

Q5 (least poor quintile)

 

1.26 (1.16–1.36)**

1.33 (1.23–1.45) **

Household income

 

1.3 (1.25–1.34)**

1.24 (1.2–1.29)**

District-level variables

Hospitals/1000 pop.

  

1.07 (1.02–1.13)*

Health centers/1000 pop.

  

0.77 (0.69–0.85)**

Village health posts/1000 pop.

  

1.61 (1.47–1.77)**

Doctors/1000 pop.

  

0.87 (0.79–0.95)*

Health workers/1000 pop.

  

1.22 (1.15–1.3)**

Population density

Between district variance

1.08

0.86

0.79

ICC

0.25

0.2

0.19

Median odds ratio

2.69

2.42

2.34

  1. Note: Reported are OR (Confident interval). Sig: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001