Table 2 Socio-demographic and lifestyle characteristics of pregnant women according to their dietary patterns, ProcriAr study (n = 454) - São Paulo/Brazil, 2012
Characteristics | Total | Lentils, whole grains and soups | Snacks, sandwiches, sweets and soft drinks | Seasoned vegetables and lean meats | Sweetened juices, bread and butter, rice and beans | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | Q1 | Q5 | ||
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
Years of age, mean (SD) | 26.1 (6.3) | 23.9 (5.7) | 29.1 (5.7)*** | 27.3 (6.8) | 25.1 (5.7)* | 25.3 (6.7) | 26.5 (6.3) | 26.8 (5.4) | 25.9 (6.6) |
Years of formal education | |||||||||
 ≤5 | 111 (24.6) | 33 (36.3) | 11 (12.2)*** | 31 (34.1) | 18 (20.0)* | 26 (28.6) | 19 (21.1) | 23 (25.3) | 29 (32.6) |
 6–7 | 96 (21.2) | 20 (22.0) | 18 (20.0) | 24 (26.4) | 17 (18.9) | 22 (24.2) | 14 (15.6) | 18 (19.8) | 19 (21.4) |
 ≥8 | 245 (54.2) | 38 (41.8) | 61 (67.8) | 36 (39.6) | 55 (61.1) | 43 (47.3) | 57 (63.3) | 50 (55.0) | 41 (46.1) |
Ethnicitya | |||||||||
 Pardab | 216 (47.9) | 45 (50.0) | 41 (45.6) | 49 (53.9) | 44 (48.9) | 41 (45.1) | 45 (50.0) | 45 (50.0) | 44 (48.9) |
 White | 180 (39.9) | 37 (41.1) | 39 (43.3) | 31 (34.1) | 32 (35.6) | 39 (42.9) | 36 (40.0) | 35 (38.9) | 40 (44.4) |
 Black | 53 (11.8) | 8 (8.9) | 8 (8.9) | 10 (11.0) | 14 (15.6) | 10 (11.0) | 9 (10.0) | 10 (11.1) | 6 (6.7) |
 Otherc | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.0) |
Relationship status | |||||||||
 Married or in common law marriage | 271 (59.8) | 46 (50.6) | 60 (67.4) | 60 (65.9) | 46 (51.1) | 45 (49.5) | 58 (64.4)* | 59 (65.6) | 52 (57.8) |
 Single | 178 (39.3) | 45 (49.5) | 28 (31.5) | 30 (33.0) | 43 (47.8) | 46 (50.6) | 30 (33.3) | 30 (33.3) | 38 (42.2) |
 Divorced or widower | 4 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) |
Region of birth | |||||||||
 Southeast | 319 (70.3) | 73 (80.2) | 57 (63.3)* | 47 (51.7) | 67 (74.4)** | 58 (63.7) | 66 (73.3) | 59 (64.8) | 61 (67.8) |
 Northeast | 122 (26.9) | 18 (19.8) | 28 (31.1) | 42 (46.2) | 18 (20.0) | 31 (34.1) | 19 (21.1) | 29 (31.9) | 25 (27.8) |
 Otherd | 13 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.6) | 2 (2.2) | 5 (5.6) | 2 (2.2) | 5 (5.6) | 3 (3.3) | 4 (4.4) |
Nutritional status | |||||||||
 Underweight | 15 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | 4 (4.4) | 4 (4.4) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (5.6)* |
 Normal weight | 210 (46.3) | 45 (49.5) | 34 (37.8) | 36 (39.6) | 37 (41.1) | 45 (49.5) | 45 (50.0) | 32 (35.2) | 46 (51.1) |
 Overweight | 143 (31.5) | 30 (33.0) | 32 (35.6) | 41 (45.1) | 30 (33.3) | 25 (27.5) | 31 (34.4) | 34 (37.4) | 24 (26.7) |
 Obese | 86 (18.9) | 13 (14.3) | 21 (23.3) | 12 (13.2) | 19 (21.1) | 17 (18.7) | 12 (13.3) | 24 (26.4) | 15 (16.7) |
Dietary supplements use | 19 (4.2) | 6 (6.6) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) | 3 (3.3) |
No formal work | 234 (51.5) | 57 (62.6) | 39 (43.3) | 51 (56.0) | 35 (38.9)* | 40 (44.0) | 53 (58.9)* | 39 (42.9) | 50 (55.6) |
Family history of disease (mother or father) | |||||||||
 No family history of hypertension | 264 (58.7) | 57 (64.0) | 47 (52.2) | 52 (57.1) | 51 (58.0) | 55 (61.1) | 50 (56.2) | 40 (44.0) | 58 (64.4)** |
 No family history of diabetes | 383 (84.9) | 79 (87.8) | 74 (82.2) | 75 (82.4) | 79 (89.8) | 76 (84.4) | 75 (83.3) | 73 (80.2) | 75 (83.3) |
Not a current smoker | 392 (86.5) | 65 (72.2) | 85 (94.4) | 84 (92.3) | 74 (83.2) | 81 (90.0) | 80 (88.9) | 75 (82.4) | 79 (87.8) |
≥ 2 h/day watching TV | 184 (41.6) | 46 (52.9) | 22 (25.3) | 35 (38.9) | 38 (43.7) | 33 (38.4) | 37 (43.0) | 40 (44.9) | 31 (34.8) |
Primary health care unite | |||||||||
 1 | 185 (40.7) | 36 (39.6) | 42 (46.7) | 42 (46.2) | 33 (36.7) | 48 (52.7) | 32 (35.6)** | 33 (36.3) | 38 (42.2) |
 2 | 213 (46.9) | 45 (49.4) | 41 (45.5) | 39 (42.9) | 43 (47.8) | 30 (33.0) | 50 (55.5) | 48 (52.7) | 38 (42.2) |
 3 | 43 (9.5) | 8 (8.8) | 5 (5.6) | 9 (9.9) | 9 (10.0) | 9 (9.9) | 7 (7.8) | 8 (8.8) | 13 (14.5) |
 4 | 13 (2.9) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) | 5 (5.5) | 4 (4.4) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (1.1) |