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Table 3 Mean daily habitual dietary GHG emission and nutrient intakes (with 95% CI), for all scenarios

From: Reducing GHG emissions while improving diet quality: exploring the potential of reduced meat, cheese and alcoholic and soft drinks consumption at specific moments during the day

  

GHG emission (kg CO2-eq)

Energy (Kcal)

Protein (g)

Mono- and disaccharides (g)

SFA (g)

Sodium (g)a

Iron (mg)

Reference

Men

6.7 (6.5–6.8)

3112 (3041–3185)

120 (117–123)

139 (133–145)

46 (44–48)

3.7 (3.6–3.8)

14.2 (13.8–14.6)

Women

5.1 (5.0–5.3)

2287 (2233–2345)

92 (89–94)

117 (112–122)

36 (35–37)

2.8 (2.7–2.9)

11.6 (11.3–12.0)

Cheese

Men

6.6 (6.4–6.7)

3116 (3044–3188)

119 (116–121)

140 (134–146)

44 (43–46)

3.7 (3.6–3.8)

14.3 (14.0–14.7)

Women

5.0 (4.9–5.2)

2292 (2237–2351)

91 (88–93)

118 (113–122)

34 (33–36)

2.8 (2.7–2.9)

11.7 (11.4–12.1)

Water50

Men

6.4 (6.2–6.5)

2910 (2848–2979)*

119 (116–121)

122 (117–128)*

46 (44–48)

3.7 (3.6–3.8)

13.8 (13.4–14.2)

Women

5.0 (4.8–5.1)

2186 (2135–2242)

91 (89–93)

103 (99–107)*

36 (34–37)

2.8 (2.7–2.9)

11.2 (10.9–11.5)

Water100

Men

6.1 (5.9–6.2)*

2694 (2629–2758)*

118 (115–120)

104 (99–109)*

46 (44–48)

3.7 (3.6–3.8)

13.4 (13.1–13.8)

Women

4.8 (4.6–4.9)*

2073 (2024–2127)*

91 (88–93)

88 (84–92)*

36 (34–37)

2.8 (2.7–2.9)

10.7 (10.4–11.1)*

Meat50

Men

5.6 (5.5–5.7)*

2976 (2908–3048)

106 (103–108)*

139 (133–145)

43 (41–44)

3.5 (3.4–3.7)

13.0 (12.7–13.4)*

Women

4.4 (4.3–4.5)*

2191(2140-2250)

81 (79–83)*

117 (112–122)

33 (32–35)

2.7 (2.6–2.8)

10.8 (10.5–11.2)*

Meat75

Men

5.1 (5.0–5.2)*

2909 (2839–2978)*

99 (96–101)*

139 (133–145)

41 (40–43)*

3.5 (3.3–3.6)

12.5 (12.1–12.9)*

Women

4.0 (3.9–4.1)*

2143 (2092–2202)*

76 (74–78)*

117 (112–122)

32 (31–34)*

2.6 (2.5–2.7)

10.4 (10.1–10.8)*

Combi50b

Men

5.3 (5.1–5.4)*

2809 (2745–2878)*

104 (101–106)*

125 (120–130)*

41 (40–43)*

3.5 (3.4–3.6)

12.7 (12.4–13.1)*

Women

4.1 (4.1–4.2)*

2114 (2065–2171)*

80 (78–82)*

106 (102–111)*

32 (31–33)*

2.6 (2.5–2.7)

10.5 (10.2–10.8)*

Combimaxc

Men

4.4 (4.3–4.5)*

2494 (2430–2556)*

95 (93–97)*

105 (100–110)*

39 (38–41)*

3.4 (3.2–3.5)*

11.7 (11.4–12.1)*

Women

3.5 (3.4–3.6)*

1934 (1885–1988)*

75 (72–77)*

89 (85–92)*

31 (30–32)*

2.5 (2.5–2.6)*

9.6 (9.3–9.9)*

  1. GHG greenhouse gas, CI confidence interval, SFA saturated fatty acids
  2. The 95% confidence intervals are based on 1000 bootstrap samples
  3. aExcluding added sodium during cooking or at the table
  4. bCombi50 combines scenario cheese, water50 and meat50
  5. cCombimax combines scenario cheese, water100 and meat75
  6. *Significantly different from the reference based on the 95%-CI around the mean point estimate
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