Gender-specific differences in high-risk sexual behaviors among methamphetamine users in Myanmar-China border city, Muse, Myanmar: who is at risk?

Saw, Yu Mon; Saw, Thu Nandar; Chan, Nyein; Cho, Su Myat; Jimba, Masamine

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5113-6

Table 2 Generalized estimating equations for high-risk sexual behaviors^a of methamphetamine users by gender

From: Gender-specific differences in high-risk sexual behaviors among methamphetamine users in Myanmar-China border city, Muse, Myanmar: who is at risk?

	Male (n = 771)^b				Female (n = 411)^c
	n	%	AOR	95% CI	n	%	AOR	95% CI
Age (current age at survey)
≤ 23	435	56.4			260	63.3
> 23	336	43.6	1.28	0.96–1.70	151	36.7	1.15	0.79–1.68
Marital status
Never married	549	71.2			277	67.4
Ever married	222	28.8	1.26	0.95–1.67	134	32.6	1.10	0.78–1.54
Education
Secondary school and below	357	46.3			259	63.0
High school or above	414	53.7	0.98	0.77–1.24	152	37.0	0.42	0.31–0.56
Ethnicity
Shan	212	27.5			149	36.3
Kachin	158	20.5	1.17	0.85–1.60	72	17.5	0.72	0.43–1.19
Burma	215	27.9	1.07	0.78–1.49	139	33.8	1.24	0.75–2.05
Others	186	24.1	0.91	0.65–1.29	51	12.4	1.48	0.95–2.31
Employment status
Unemployed	188	24.4			158	38.4
Employed	583	75.6	1.42	1.08–1.87	253	61.6	1.57	1.13–2.18
Living status
Resident	336	43.6			124	30.2
Migrant	435	56.4	1.13	0.89–1.45	287	69.8	2.70	1.86–3.93
Age of sexual initiation
> 17	226	29.3			221	53.8
≤ 17	545	70.7	0.95	0.74–1.21	190	46.2	1.02	0.77–1.34
Sexual orientation
Hetero-sexual	327	42.4
Bi/homo-sexual	444	57.6	1.15	0.89–1.48	S/S
Had visited sex worker within six months
No	220	28.5
Yes	551	71.5	1.41	1.08–1.83	S/S
Age of methamphetamine initiation
> 17	208	27.0			177	43.1
≤ 17	563	73.0	0.85	0.65–1.12	234	56.9	0.95	0.73–1.24
Had used methamphetamine before and/or during sex
No	96	12.5			130	31.6
Yes	675	87.5	1.67	1.23–2.28	281	68.4	3.39	2.51–4.56
Frequency of methamphetamine use^d
> 3 times a month	160	20.8			98	23.9
Once a week	223	28.9	1.31	0.95–1.81	101	24.6	2.06	1.41–3.02
> 4 times a week	193	25.0	1.23	0.91–1.67	83	20.2	1.37	0.95–1.99
≤ 4 times a week	195	25.3	1.29	0.95–1.77	128	31.3	2.44	1.66–3.60
Type of amphetamine-type stimulant used within three months
Only methamphetamine	591	12.5			409	99.5
Multiple stimulants	180	87.5	1.77	1.30–2.41	2	0.5
History of injection use of methamphetamine
No	647	83.9			345	83.9
Yes	124	16.1	1.12	0.76–1.64	66	16.1	1.40	0.90–2.20
Had used heroin in the preceding six months
No	638	82.7			295	71.8
Yes	133	17.3	1.01	0.70–1.45	116	28.2	1.10	0.78–1.55
Ever been to prison
No	741	96.1			397	96.6
Yes	30	3.9	0.93	0.52–1.69	14	3.4	0.54	0.27–1.07

Note. AOR Adjusted odd ratio, CI Confidence interval, S/S Small sample size. ^dOne female participant did not respond to this question
^aHigh-risk sexual behaviors measured were incorrect and/or inconsistent condom use across every incidence of sexual intercourse in the preceding six months, having had more than two partners (had multiple sex partners) within the preceding six months, and having ever been diagnosed with an STI (past and/or current)
^bAdjusted for age, marital status, education, ethnicity, employment status, living status, age of sexual initiation, sexual orientation, had visited sex worker within six months, age of methamphetamine initiation, had used methamphetamine before and during sex, frequency of methamphetamine use, had used more than two types of ATS, history of injection use of methamphetamine, had used heroin in the preceding six months, and ever been to prison
^cAdjusted for age, marital status, education, ethnicity, employment status, living status, age of sexual initiation, age of methamphetamine initiation, had used methamphetamine before and during sex, frequency of methamphetamine use, history of injection use of methamphetamine, had used heroin in the preceding six months, and ever been to prison

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