From: Is there a causal effect of parity on body composition: a birth cohort study
Body mass index (kg/m2) | Waist circumference (cm) | Fat mass (%) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Parity | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | ||||||
Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | Unadjusted | Adjusted a | Unadjusted | Adjusteda | |
Parity | ||||||||||||
0 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
1 | 1.01 (0.29–1.73) | 0.68 (−0.06–1.43) | 0.55 (− 0.01–1.10) | 0.77 (0.21–1.33) | 2.56 (1.12–3.99) | 1.79 (0.30–3.28) | 0.79 (− 0.51–2.10) | 1.35 (0.04–2.66) | 1.12 (0.07–2.16) | 1.19 (0.11–2.27) | −0.76 (− 1.74–0.22) | −0.19 (− 1.16–0.78) |
2 | 1.42 (0.60–2.23) | 1.00 (0.15–1.86) | 0.46 (− 0.25–1.17) | 0.83 (0.11–1.55) | 3.77 (2.14–5.40) | 2.73 (1.01–4.45) | 0.54 (− 1.14–2.21) | 1.48 (− 0.21–3.16) | 0.50 (− 0.69–1.69) | 0.69 (−0.56–1.94) | −0.75 (− 2.01–0.51) | 0.12 (− 1.13–1.37) |
3 | 1.71 (0.65–2.78) | 1.27 (0.15–2.38) | −0.18 (− 1.41–1.05) | 0.40 (− 0.84–1.64) | 4.61 (2.48–6.74) | 3.27 (1.03–5.50) | − 0.34 (− 3.24–2.54) | 1.12 (− 1.77–4.02) | − 0.25 (− 1.81–1.32) | 0.22 (− 1.42–1.86) | −2.43 (− 4.59- -0.26) | −1.03 (− 3.16–1.11) |
≥4 | 2.49 (1.34–3.64) | 2.04 (0.84–3.24) | 1.30 (− 0.55–3.16) | 1.88 (0.03–3.73) | 6.09 (3.80–8.39) | 4.83 (2.43–7.24) | 2.03 (− 2.32–6.38) | 3.41 (− 0.91–7.73) | 1.00 (− 0.66–2.67) | 1.47 (− 0.27–3.21) | − 1.42 (− 4.72–1.87) | − 0.03 (− 3.25–3.18) |
p value | < 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.197 | 0.020 | < 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.673 | 0.147 | 0.201 | 0.187 | 0.144 | 0.891 |
p linear trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.060 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.275 | 0.025 | 0.320 | 0.266 | 0.022 | 0.681 |
At least one livebirth | ||||||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 1.39 (0.78–2.00) | 0.96 (0.30–1.62) | 0.49 (0.01–0.97) | 0.79 (0.29–1.29) | 3.60 (2.38–4.82) | 2.50 (1.18–3.82) | 0.67 (−0.46–1.80) | 1.43 (0.27–2.59) | 0.74 (− 0.14–1.63) | 0.97 (0.01–1.93) | −0.91 (−1.76--0.07) | −0.16 (− 1.02–0.69) |
p value | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.047 | 0.002 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.246 | 0.015 | 0.101 | 0.047 | 0.034 | 0.712 |