Is there a causal effect of parity on body composition: a birth cohort study

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Parity according to socioeconomic and behavioral variables

Characteristics	Women – Parity					p value
Characteristics	0 (n = 534)	1 (n = 494)	2 (n = 319)	3 (n = 149)	≥4 (n = 124)	p value
Maternal schooling – years
0–4	20	32	41	44	44	< 0.001
5–8	38	48	43	46	43
9–11	14	11	9	5	11
≥ 12	28	9	7	5	2
Family income – minimum wages
0–1	4	7	13	13	22	< 0.001
1.001–3	23	38	42	52	55
3.001–5	23	25	26	20	14
> 5	50	30	19	15	9
Skin color
White	84	77	74	70	71	< 0.001
Black	11	17	18	19	16
Brown	3	4	4	5	10
Yellow/Indigenous	2	2	4	6	3
Employed	84	79	71	69	61	< 0.001
Alcohol consumers	60	52	48	50	48	0.004
Ever smoked	28	39	44	55	57	< 0.001
Physically active	56	47	48	48	51	0.026
Daily ultraprocessed and processed foods consumption – cal, mean (sd)	699 (545)	785 (478)	881 (685)	878 (626)	948 (673)	< 0.001
	Men – Parity
	0 (n = 799)	1 (n = 508)	2 (n = 248)	3 (n = 69)	≥4 (n = 29)
Maternal schooling – years
0–4	25	33	42	54	45	< 0.001
5–8	43	47	43	38	48
9–11	13	10	10	1	7
≥ 12	19	10	5	7	0
Family income – minimum wages
0–1	4	3	5	4	3	< 0.001
1.001–3	27	34	39	49	45
3.001–5	26	31	30	28	45
> 5	43	32	26	19	7
Skin color
White	78	73	73	64	69	0.063
Black	14	17	19	17	14
Brown	4	6	6	13	14
Yellow/Indigenous	3	4	2	6	3
Employed	91	96	96	99	100	< 0.001
Alcohol consumption	74	74	75	70	69	0.873
Ever smoked	38	45	47	58	55	0.001
Physically active	62	57	56	67	59	0.203
Daily ultraprocessed and processed foods consumption – cal, mean (sd)	793 (592)	936 (845)	1024 (889)	989 (1099)	1044 (574)	< 0.001

ISSN: 1471-2458