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Table 3 The risk factors associated with patient and health care system delay in TB patients in Tabriz, Iran 2012-2014 (N = 173)

From: The identification of risk factors associated with patient and healthcare system delays in the treatment of tuberculosis in Tabriz, Iran

 

Number (%)

Patient delaya

Health care system delayb

Factors

 

N (%)c

Crude OR (95% CI)

N (%)c

Crude OR (95% CI)

Gender

 Female†

85 (49.1)

33 (38.8)

1

48 (56.5)

1

 Male

88 (50.9)

53 (60.2)

2.28 (1.29 to 4.39)*

37 (42.0)

0.55 (0.30 to 1.022)

Age group

 ≤ 30†

41 (23.7)

16 (39)

1

21 (51.2)

1

 > 30

132 (76.3)

70 (53)

1.76 (0.86 to 3.60)

64 (48.5)

1.11 (0.55 to 2.24)

Education

 Illiterate/W&Rd †

79 (45.7)

40 (50.6)

1

41 (51.9)

1

 Primary-Secondary

55 (31.8)

29 (52.7)

1.08 (0.54 to 2.16)

23 (41.8)

0.66 (0.33 to 1.33)

 University/Higher

39 (22.5)

17 (43.6)

0.75 (0.348 to 1.63)

21 (53.8)

1.08 (0.501 to 2.333)

Occupation

 Unemployed†

84 (48.6)

40 (47.8)

1

47 (56.0)

1

 Employed

19 (11.0)

16 (84.2)

5.86 (1.59 to 21.64) *

8 (42.1)

0.57 (0.20 to 1.56)

 Student

14 (8.1)

2 (14.3)

0.18 (0.03 to 0.87) *

11 (78.6)

2.88 (0.75 to 11.10)

 Retired

36 (20.8)

18 (15.0)

1.10 (0.50 to 2.40)

12 (33.3)

0.39 (0.17 to 0.89) *

 Farmer

20 (11.6)

10 (50.0)

1.10 (0.415 to 2.91)

7 (35.0)

0.42 (0.154 to 1.16)

Marital status

 Married†

106 (61.2)

52 (49.5)

1

47 (44.3)

1

 Single

29 (16.8)

14 (48.3)

0.96 (0.42 to 2.20)

15 (51.7)

1.34 (0.59 to 3.06)

 Divorced

6 (3.5)

5 (83.3)

5.19 (0.58 to 45.95)

3 (50.0)

1.25 (0.24 to 6.50)

 Widow/death

32 (18.5)

15 (46.9)

0.91 (0.41 to 2.02)

20 (62.5)

2.09 (0.92 to 4.71)

Smoking

 Never†

70 (40.5)

3 (45.7)

1

34 (48.6)

1

 Current

75 (43.4)

39 (52.0)

1.28 (0.67 to 2.47)

38 (50.7)

1.08 (0.56 to 2.08)

 Ex-smoker

28 (16.2)

15 (53.6)

1.37 (0.56 to 3.30)

13 (46.4)

0.91 (0.38 to 2.208)

Household size

 < =3 people†

67 (38.7)

38 (56.7)

1

30 (44.8)

1

 > 3 people

106 (61.3)

48 (45.3)

1.58 (0.85 to 2.93)

55 (51.9)

0.75 (0.40 to 1.38)

History of TB contact

 Yes†

35 (20.2)

13 (37.1)

1

13 (37.1)

1

 No

138 (79.8)

73 (52.1)

1.901 (0.88 to 4.07)

72 (52.2)

1.84 (0.86 to 3.95)

First misdiagnosis

Cold or viral infection

 No†

71 (41.0)

39 (54.9)

1

26 (35.2)

1

 Yes

102 (59.0)

47 (46.1)

1.42 (0.77 to 2.62)

60 (58.8)

2.61 (1.40 to 4.91)*

Asthma

 No†

160 (92.5)

80 (50.0)

1

77 (48.1)

1

 Yes

13 (7.5)

6 (46.2)

1.16 (0.37 to 3.62)

8 (51.5)

0.58 (0.18 to 1.84)

COPD

 No†

163 (94.2)

82 (50.3)

1

80 (49.1)

1

 Yes

10 (5.8)

4 (40.0)

1.51 (0.41 to 5.58)

5 (50.0)

0.96 (0.26 to 3.45)

The number of attending health care facilities

 < 3†

65 (41.4)

36 (55.4)

1

15 (18.1)

1

 ≥ 3

93 (58.6)

37 (50.7)

0.54 (0.28 to 1.03)

68 (81.9)

9.44 (4.50 to 19.82)**

Center of first contact

 Traditional healer†

6 (3.5)

3 (50)

1

4 (66.7)

1

 Public

77 (44.5)

51 (66.2)

2.64 (1.01 to 6.85)*

36 (46.8)

0.43 (0.7 to 2.5)

 Private

90 (52.0)

32 (35.6)

0.55 (0.10 to 2.89)

45 (50.0)

0.50 (0.08 to 2.8)

Level of health care facilities

 PHCe†

83 (48.0)

44 (53.0)

1

43 (51.8)

1

 SHCf

71 (41.0)

34 (47.9)

0.81 (0.43 to 1.53)

31 (43.7)

0.72 (0.38 to 1.36)

 THCg

19 (11.0)

8 (42.1)

0.64 (0.23 to 1.76)

11 (57.9)

1.27 (0.46 to 3.50)

Financial affordability for diagnostic tests

 Yes†

66 (38.2)

39 (59.1)

1

20 (30.3)

1

 No

107 (61.8)

47 (43.1)

0.54 (0.29 to 1.01)

65 (60.7)

3.56 (1.85 to 6.83)**

  1. †Reference category, aPatient delay > 13 days, bHealth care system delay> 52 days, cAll percentages are reported within dependent variables (associated risk factors), dWriting and reading, *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001, ePrimary Health Care, fSecondary Health Care, gTertiary Health care
  2. P-values are based on binomial logistic regression. OR indicates odds ratio, CI confidence interval