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Table 1 Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the COTASS-2 sample

From: The Colombo Twin and Singleton Follow-up Study: a population based twin study of psychiatric disorders and metabolic syndrome in Sri Lanka

 

Total sample

N = 3969

Twins

N = 2934

Singletons

N = 1035

Twins vs Singletonsa

%/mean (n)

%/mean (n)

%/mean (n)

Χ2/t-test

p-value

Gender

   

0.001

 Male

42.4 (1681)

43.9 (1289)

37.9 (392)

 

 Female

57.6 (2288)

56.1 (1645)

62.1 (643)

 

Mean age

42.8 (3969)

39.9 (2934)

51.2 (1035)

<0.001

Age categories

   

<0.001

 19–29

21.6 (865)

26.3 (772)

8.3 (86)

 

 30–39

25.8 (1025)

29.0 (852)

16.7 (173)

 

 40–49

21.0 (835)

20.7 (607)

22.0 (228)

 

 50–59

16.8 (667)

15.3 (449)

21.1 (218)

 

 60–69

9.6 (380)

5.9 (173)

20.0 (207)

 

 70+

5.1 (204)

2.8 (81)

11.9 (123)

 

Marital status

   

<0.001

 Married

72.2 (2838)

70.7 (2048)

76.5 (790)

 

 Widowed

6.3 (246)

3.8 (111)

13.1 (135)

 

 Divorced/Separated

2.1 (83)

1.8 (53)

2.9 (30)

 

 Never married

19.4 (763)

23.6 (685)

7.6 (78)

 

Ethnicity

   

<0.001

 Sinhala

92.7 (3647)

91.6 (2656)

95.7 (991)

 

 Tamil

3.1 (120)

3.5 (101)

1.8 (19)

 

 Muslim

3.8 (150)

4.5 (130)

1.9 (20)

 

 Other

0.4 (16)

0.4 (11)

0.5 (5)

 

Religion

   

<0.001

 Buddhist

86.5 (3401)

85.4 (2475)

89.5 (926)

 

 Hindu

1.6 (64)

2.0 (57)

0.7 (7)

 

 Islam

4.0 (159)

4.7 (137)

2.1 (22)

 

 Christian

7.9 (309)

7.9 (229)

7.7 (80)

 

Urbanicity

   

<0.001

 Urban

60.2 (2390)

59.9 (1758)

61.1 (632)

 

 Rural

13.4 (533)

13.0 (380)

14.8 (153)

 

 Mixed

20.8 (826)

19.9 (585)

23.3 (241)

 

 Outside Colombo

5.6 (221)

7.2 (212)

0.9 (9)

 

Employment

   

<0.001

 Employed

56.1 (2206)

59.6 (1727)

46.3 (479)

 

 At home

40.8 (1605)

36.9 (1070)

51.7 (535)

 

 Student

1.2 (48)

1.6 (46)

0.2 (2)

 

 Unemployed off sick

1.3 (52)

1.2 (35)

1.6 (17)

 

 Other

0.6 (23)

0.7 (21)

0.2 (2)

 

Social class

   

<0.001

 Managers/Professionals

8.1 (318)

9.3 (267)

4.9 (51)

 

 Non-manual workers/ Skilled manual workers

39.5 (1540)

41.7 (1197)

33.2 (343)

 

 Elementary occupations

8.3 (322)

8.3 (239)

8.0 (83)

 

 Not in employment

44.1 (1723)

40.7 (1167)

53.8 (556)

 

Education

   

0.002

 No education

1.8 (321)

1.8 (52)

1.6 (16)

 

 Grade 1–5

9.0 (2389)

9.2 (264)

8.6 (87)

 

 Grade 6-o/ls

42.9 (929)

40.9 (1174)

48.7 (490)

 

 Passed o/ls

18.5 (276)

18.8 (541)

17.6 (177)

 

 A/ls

22.3 (865)

23.3 (669)

19.5 (196)

 

 University or higher

5.0 (193)

5.4 (156)

3.7 (37)

 

 Other

0.5 (20)

0.6 (17)

0.3 (3)

 

Financial strain

   

<0.001

 Living comfortably

9.3 (365)

9.4 (273)

8.9 (92)

 

 Doing alright

66.5 (2616)

68.3 (1979)

61.5 (637)

 

 Just about getting by

13.9 (547)

13.4 (388)

15.4 (159)

 

 Difficult to make ends meet

7.2 (284)

6.3 (182)

9.9 (102)

 

 Very difficult to make ends meet

3.1 (121)

2.6 (76)

4.3 (45)

 

Hungry due to lack of money

   

<0.001

 No

96.1 (3779)

97.2 (2815)

93.1 (964)

 

 Yes

3.9 (153)

2.8 (82)

6.9 (71)

 
  1. Due to incomplete questionnaire data, the numbers do not add up to totals presented beyond gender and age
  2. aAnalyses account for clustering by twins
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