Table 4 Age-adjusted prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors by sex and HbA1c-defined diabetes status among adults aged 20 years or older, 1988–2014a
From: Trends in cardiovascular risk factors among U.S. men and women with and without diabetes, 1988–2014
Risk actors by sex and diabetes status | NHANES 1988–1994 | NHANES 1999–2002 | NHANES 2003–2006 | NHANES 2007–2010 | NHANES 2011–2014 | P Value for Linear Trend, 1988–1994 to 2011-2014b | P Value for Comparison of NHANES 2011–2014 and NHANES 1988–1994 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 32.64 (30.48–34.80) | 22.96 (20.64–25.27) | 23.63 (21.42–25.83) | 20.35 (18.10–22.61) | 18.74 (15.86–21.63) | <.0001 | −13.90 (−17.50 to −10.30) |
Diabetic Men | 20.48 (15.50–25.46) | 20.08 (15.12–25.04) | 18.89 (13.38–24.41) | 18.76 (14.97–22.55) | 18.23 (10.70–25.75) | 0.1560 | −2.25 (−11.29 to 6.78) |
Non-diabetic Women | 25.32 (23.55–27.09) | 18.88 (16.96–20.81) | 18.86 (16.90–20.83) | 16.25 (14.34–18.16) | 13.92 (11.95–15.90) | <.0001 | −11.40 (−14.05 to −8.75) |
Diabetic Women | 19.44 (14.95–23.93) | 9.57 (6.33–12.81) | 11.00 (6.85–15.15) | 14.11 (10.27–17.94) | 13.21 (7.83–18.59) | 0.0501 | −6.23 (−13.25 to 0.78) |
Use of antihypertensive medications (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 9.03 (7.74–10.32) | 15.16 (13.48–16.84) | 20.02 (18.28–21.76) | 21.07 (18.81–23.32) | 20.98 (17.59–24.38) | <.0001 | 11.95 (8.33 to 15.58) |
Diabetic Men | 31.32 (25.48–37.16) | 45.67 (39.25–52.08) | 55.49 (51.12–59.86) | 54.54 (49.08–60.00) | 62.19 (53.98–70.39) | <.0001 | 30.87 (20.79 to 40.95) |
Non-diabetic Women | 12.45 (11.50–13.40) | 19.87 (17.93–21.82) | 21.64 (19.74–23.55) | 23.09 (21.56–24.63) | 23.90 (20.51–27.28) | <.0001 | 11.45 (7.93 to 14.96) |
Diabetic Women | 41.68 (36.37–46.99) | 59.86 (53.44–66.28) | 65.60 (60.13–71.08) | 70.62 (66.68–74.57) | 64.53 (59.03–70.03) | <.0001 | 22.85 (15.20 to 30.50) |
Use of Lipid-Lowering Medications (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 2.13 (1.62–2.64) | 8.38 (7.16–9.61) | 11.20 (9.91–12.50) | 13.24 (11.70–14.79) | 14.00 (11.12–16.88) | <.0001 | 11.87 (8.94 to 14.79) |
Diabetic Men | 9.56 (5.86–13.27) | 28.33 (24.28–32.39) | 42.83 (36.78–48.88) | 45.50 (42.02–48.98) | 49.15 (41.97–56.33) | <.0001 | 39.59 (31.50 to 47.67) |
Non-diabetic Women | 2.97 (2.28–3.66) | 6.69 (5.75–7.63) | 10.32 (8.75–11.89) | 12.29 (11.10–13.47) | 14.14 (11.19–17.10) | <.0001 | 11.17 (8.14 to 14.21) |
Diabetic Women | 6.43 (4.01–8.86) | 26.12 (19.86–32.38) | 40.79 (34.63–46.94) | 45.02 (39.76–50.28) | 51.72 (43.41–60.03) | <.0001 | 45.29 (36.63 to 53.95) |
Prevalence of achieving systolic/diastolic blood pressure < 130/80 mmHg (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 72.00 (69.80–74.20) | 72.80 (70.59–75.01) | 71.45 (69.66–73.25) | 76.39 (74.61–78.17) | 76.88 (73.96–79.80) | <.0001 | 4.88 (1.22 to 8.54) |
Diabetic Men | 42.84 (35.58–50.10) | 52.33 (47.70–56.96) | 55.27 (47.10–63.43) | 59.69 (55.58–63.81) | 55.22 (45.02–65.42) | 0.0018 | 12.38 (−0.15 to 24.91) |
Non-diabetic Women | 76.39 (74.34–78.44) | 72.04 (70.19–73.90) | 75.85 (74.16–77.55) | 79.15 (77.42–80.88) | 78.49 (76.36–80.62) | <.0001 | 2.10 (−0.85 to 5.06) |
Diabetic Women | 39.87 (34.57–45.18) | 41.98 (35.16–48.81) | 46.74 (41.14–52.34) | 57.19 (53.18–61.20) | 54.12 (47.65–60.58) | <.0001 | 14.25 (5.88 to 22.61) |
Prevalence of achieving LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL (%) | |||||||
Non-diabetic Men | 64.69 (62.55–66.83) | 64.99 (62.72–67.27) | 68.02 (66.23–69.81) | 68.82 (67.10–70.54) | 68.08 (64.45–71.71) | <.0001 | 3.39 (−0.82 to 7.60) |
Diabetic Men | 68.23 (62.30–74.16) | 77.81 (71.93–83.69) | 78.18 (73.69–82.68) | 79.29 (75.22–83.36) | 76.98 (70.72–83.25) | 0.0014 | 8.75 (0.12 to 17.39) |
Non-diabetic Women | 66.42 (64.60–68.24) | 68.06 (66.25–69.87) | 70.97 (69.28–72.65) | 68.87 (67.41–70.34) | 68.01 (64.84–71.18) | 0.0016 | 1.59 (−2.07 to 5.24) |
Diabetic Women | 73.26 (67.97–78.55) | 79.64 (74.13–85.14) | 76.82 (70.86–82.78) | 75.59 (71.87–79.32) | 75.47 (70.81–80.13) | 0.6815 | 2.21 (−4.85 to 9.26) |
Prevalence of achieving HbA1c <7.0% (%) | |||||||
Diabetic Men | 42.28 (36.06–48.50) | 38.10 (33.12–43.08) | 43.52 (38.05–48.99) | 43.42 (38.21–48.63) | 50.58 (43.53–57.63) | 0.1042 | 8.30 (−1.11 to 17.70) |
Diabetic Women | 35.97 (29.91–42.02) | 38.56 (33.29–43.84) | 50.23 (44.08–56.39) | 49.31 (44.73–53.89) | 50.83 (44.25–57.40) | <.0001 | 14.86 (5.91 to 23.80) |