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Table 6 Association between hypertension and year of study (2004/2014), socio-demographic-, behavioural- and metabolic risk factors in 2004 and 2014 combined

From: Changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension from 2004 to 2014 among 25-74-year-old citizens in the Yangon Region, Myanmar

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

  

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

Socio-demographic:

 Year

2004

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

2014

1.49 (1.21-1.82)

0.001*

1.49 (1.22-1.82)

<0.001*

1.44 (1.17-1.77)

0.001*

1.28 (0.92-1.78)

0.129

1.22 (0.89-1.68)

0.207

 Age

 

1.06 (1.05-1.06)

<0.001*

1.05 (1.04-1.07)

<0.001*

1.06 (1.05-1.07)

<0.001*

1.05 (1.04-1.07)

<0.001*

1.06 (1.05-1.07)

<0.001*

 Location

Urban

  

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Rural

  

0.94 (0.72-1.23)

0.629

0.92 (0.69-1.22)

0.535

1.15 (0.83-1.58)

0.385

1.12 (0.79-1.59)

0.496

 Gender

Male

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Female

1.09 (0.88-1.35)

0.406

1.10 (0.89-1.36)

0.376

1.24 (0.85-1.81)

0.254

0.85 (0.67-1.08)

0.171

1.05 (0.72-1.53)

0.78

 Education

No formal

  

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

1-5 years

  

0.79 (0.49-1.26)

0.304

0.78 (0.49-1.25)

0.293

0.78 (0.46-1.33)

0.35

0.78 (0.46-1.32)

0.346

 

6-11 years

  

0.89 (0.55-1.44)

0.623

0.86 (0.53-1.38)

0.511

0.88 (0.54-1.44)

0.597

0.88 (0.54-1.43)

0.584

 

> 11 years

  

0.65 (0.50-1.44)

0.529

0.80 (0.47-1.36)

0.388

0.75 (0.42-1.32)

0.303

0.73 (0.41-1.29)

0.268

 Ethnicity

Bamar

  

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Non-Bamar

  

0.81 (0.68-0.98)

0.030*

0.80 (0.66-0.96)

0.021*

0.81 (0.68-0.98)

0.029*

0.81 (0.68-0.96)

0.017*

Behavioural:

 Tobacco smoking

No

    

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

    

0.67 (0.52-0.88)

0.006*

  

0.87 (0.74-1.01)

0.061

 Alcohol consumption

No

    

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

    

1.92 (1.33-2.76)

0.001*

  

2.00 (1.26-3.17)

0.005*

 Low physical activity

No

    

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

    

1.10 (0.81-1.50)

0.517

  

1.01 (0.81-1.49)

0.532

Metabolic:

 BMI

Normal

      

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Underweight

      

0.43 (0.29-0.64)

<0.001*

0.42 (0.28-0.64)

<0.001*

 

Overweight

      

2.62 (2.17-3.17)

<0.001*

2.62 (2.14-3.20)

<0.001*

 Diabetes

No

      

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

      

1.49 (1.16-1.91)

0.003*

1.50 (1.16-1.93)

0.003*

 Hypercholesterolemia

No

      

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

      

1.16 (0.86-1.56)

0.317

1.17 (0.88-1.54)

0.264

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age and gender; Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, location, education and ethnicity; Model 3 adjustment- the behavioural risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption and low physical activity were added to Model 2; Model 4 adjustment- the metabolic risk factors: BMI, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were added to Model 2; Model 5 included all variables in the table
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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