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Table 5 Association between hypertension and selected socio-demographic-, behavioural- and metabolic risk factors among 25-74-year-old citizens in Yangon region, Myanmar, in 2014

From: Changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension from 2004 to 2014 among 25-74-year-old citizens in the Yangon Region, Myanmar

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

  

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

pOR (95% CI)

p-value

Socio-demographic:

 Age

 

1.05 (1.04-1.07)

<0.001*

1.06 (1.04-1.07)

<0.001*

1.05 (1.03-1.07)

<0.001*

1.06 (1.04-1.07)

<0.001*

 Location

Urban

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Rural

0.97 (0.65-1.43)

0.862

0.93 (0.62-1.40)

0.710

1.18 (0.72-1.90)

0.470

1.14 (0.68-1.92)

0.587

 Gender

Male

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Female

1.09 (0.82-1.47)

0.505

1.27 (0.71-2.27)

0.382

0.80 (0.58-1.11)

0.163

1.03 (0.58-1.83)

0.900

 Education

No formal

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

1-5 years

0.63 (0.30-1.30)

0.184

0.62 (0.31-1.24)

0.154

0.70 (0.31-1.60)

0.364

0.70 (0.32-1.56)

0.344

 

6-11 years

0.74 (0.36-1.55)

0.389

0.69 (0.34-1.41)

0.278

0.84 (0.39-1.78)

0.619

0.83 (0.40-1.75)

0.590

 

> 11 years

0.71 (0.32-1.60)

0.370

0.65 (0.31-1.37)

0.226

0.69 (0.29-1.64)

0.361

0.67 (0.28-1.59)

0.328

 Ethnicity

Bamar

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Non-Bamar

0.76 (0.58-0.99)

0.046*

0.74 (0.56-0.99)

0.045*

0.79 (0.60-1.04)

0.091

0.79 (0.61-1.02)

0.070

Behavioural:

 Tobacco smoking

No

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

0.72 (0.46-1.14)

0.146

0.64 (0.43-0.96)

0.035*

  

0.83 (0.67-1.04)

0.101

 Alcohol consumption

No

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.84 (1.04-3.26)

0.039*

2.04 (1.23-3.38)

0.011*

  

2.01 (1.09-4.03)

0.030*

 Low physical activity

No

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

0.96 (0.65-1.40)

0.833

0.96 (0.68-1.38)

0.826

  

0.94 (0.66-1.37)

0.751

Metabolic:

 BMI

Normal

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Underweight

0.40 (0.22-0.71)

0.006*

  

0.41 (0.22-0.78)

0.011*

0.41 (0.21-0.80)

0.014*

 

Overweight

3.09 (2.43-3.91)

<0.001*

  

2.95 (2.34-3.72)

<0.001*

2.93 (2.28-3.78)

<0.001*

 Diabetes

No

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.83 (1.39-2.41)

0.001*

  

1.47 (1.04-2.07)

0.034*

1.49 (1.05-2.12)

0.029*

 Hypercholesterolemia

No

(Ref)

   

(Ref)

 

(Ref)

 
 

Yes

1.27 (0.80-2.00)

0.277

  

1.15 (0.74-1.78)

0.496

1.17 (0.78-1.76)

0.410

  1. Model 1 adjusted for age, location, gender, education and ethnicity; Model 2 adjustment –behavioural risk factors: smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity were
  2. added to Model 1; Model 3 adjustment- the metabolic risk factors: BMI, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia were added to Model 1; Model 4 included all variables in the table
  3. *p-value ≤0.05 from multivariate logistic regression
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BMC Public Health

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