Table 9 High-level summary of findings by health indicator across all, experimental and observational study designs
Health indicator | # of studies | Quality of evidence | Summary of findingsa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental study designs | Observational study designs | All designs | |||
Critical | |||||
Adiposity | 57 | Very low to low | Favourable: 2 studies | Favourable: 16 studies | Favourable: 18 studies |
Null: 5 studies | Null: 25 studies | Null: 30 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 4 studies | Unfavourable: 4 studies | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 5 studies | Mixed: 5 studies | |||
Motor development | 23 | Very low to low | Favourable: 10 studies | Favourable: 8 studies | Favourable: 18 studies |
Null: 2 studies | Null: 1 study | Null: 3 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 1 study | Unfavourable: 1 study | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 1 study | Mixed: 1 study | |||
Psychosocial health | 11 | Very low to moderate | Favourable: 2 studies | Favourable: 3 studies | Favourable: 5 studies |
Null: 1 study | Null: 2 studies | Null: 3 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 3 studies | Unfavourable: 3 studies | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | |||
Cognitive development | 13 | Very low to high | Favourable: 10 studies | Favourable: 0 studies | Favourable: 10 studies |
Null: 0 studies | Null: 2 studies | Null: 2 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 1 study | Unfavourable: 1 study | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | |||
Fitness | 3 | Very low | Favourable: 0 studies | Favourable: 3 studies | Favourable: 3 studies |
Null: 0 studies | Null: 0 studies | Null: 0 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 0 studies | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | |||
Important | |||||
Bone and skeletal health | 7 | Very low to low | Favourable: 0 studies | Favourable: 5 studies | Favourable: 5 studies |
Null: 1 study | Null: 1 study | Null: 2 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 0 studies | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 0 studies | |||
Cardiometabolic health | 9 | Very low | Favourable: 1 study | Favourable: 1 study | Favourable: 2 studies |
Null: 0 studies | Null: 4 studies | Null: 4 studies | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 1 study | Unfavourable: 1 study | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 2 studies | Mixed: 2 studies | |||
Risks/harm | 4 | Very low to low | Favourable: 0 studies | Favourable: 1 study | Favourable: 1 study |
Null: 0 studies | Null: 1 study | Null: 1 study | |||
Unfavourable: 0 studies | Unfavourable: 1 study | Unfavourable: 1 study | |||
Mixed: 0 studies | Mixed: 1 study | Mixed: 1 study | |||