Table 1 Demographic characteristics and laboratory results of participants
From: Is vegetarian diet associated with a lower risk of breast cancer in Taiwanese women?
| Â | Total (NÂ =Â 469) | Breast cancer (NÂ =Â 233) | Control (NÂ =Â 236) | Â | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | Range | Mean ± SD | P value |
Age (years) | 28–83 | 55.4 ± 9.7 | 28–83 | 55.9 ± 10.4 | 29–80 | 54.9 ± 9 | 0.252 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 15.98–38.34 | 23.65 ± 3.73 | 16.21–38.34 | 24.32 ± 3.92 | 15.98–36.51 | 22.98 ± 3.42 | <0.001 |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.153 |
 Junior high school or lower | 198 (42.2) |  | 106 (45.5) |  | 92 (39.0) |  | |
 Senior high school or higher | 271 (57.8) |  | 127 (54.5) |  | 144 (61.0) |  | |
Menarche | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.117 |
 11–14 years old |  | 305 (65.0) |  | 160 (68.7) |  | 145 (61.4) |  |
 15 years old |  | 89 (19.0) |  | 35 (15.0) |  | 54 (22.9) |  |
  ≥ 16 years old |  | 75 (16.0) |  | 38 (16.3) |  | 37 (15.7) |  |
Primiparity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.011 |
  ≤ 30 years | 348 (74.2) |  | 160 (68.7) |  | 188 (79.7) |  | |
  > 30 years | 59 (12.6) |  | 39 (16.7) |  | 20 (8.5) |  | |
 never | 62 (13.2) |  | 34 (14.6) |  | 28 (11.9) |  | |
Menopause | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | <0.001 | |
 Not yet | 135 (28.9) |  | 79 (34.1) |  | 56 (23.7) |  | |
  < 45 years old | 71 (15.2) |  | 32 (13.8) |  | 39 (16.5) |  | |
 45–55 years old | 247 (52.8) |  | 111 (47.8) |  | 136 (57.6) |  | |
  ≥ 55 years old | 15 (3.2) |  | 10 (4.3) |  | 5 (2.1) |  | |
Family history (BC) | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.390 | |
 Present | 41 (8.7) |  | 23 (9.9) |  | 18 (7.6) |  | |
 Absent | 428 (91.3) |  | 210 (90.1) |  | 218 (92.4) |  | |
Oral contraceptive | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.604 | |
 Current user | 18 (3.8) |  | 7 (3.0) |  | 11 (4.7) |  | |
 Prior user | 97 (20.7) |  | 47 (20.2) |  | 50 (21.2) |  | |
 Never | 354 (75.5) |  | 179 (76.8) |  | 175 (74.1) |  | |
Hormone replacement therapy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.503 | |
 Never | 386 (82.3) |  | 189 (81.1) |  | 197 (83.5) |  | |
 Ever | 83 (17.7) |  | 44 (18.8) |  | 39 (16.5) |  | |
Regular exercise | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.358 | |
 Yes | 191 (40.7) |  | 90 (38.6) |  | 101 (42.8) |  | |
 No | 278 (59.3) |  | 143 (61.4) |  | 135 (57.2) |  | |
Exercise frequency | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.009 | |
 0 | 275 (58.6) |  | 142 (60.9) |  | 133 (56.4) |  | |
 0.5–4/week | 115 (24.5) |  | 44 (18.9) |  | 71 (30.1) |  | |
  > 4.1/week | 79 (16.8) |  | 47 (20.2) |  | 32 (13.6) |  | |
Exercise time | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.884 | |
  ≤ 30 min | 363 (77.4) |  | 181 (77.7) |  | 182 (77.1) |  | |
  > 30 min | 106 (22.6) |  | 52 (23.3) |  | 54 (22.0) |  | |
Vegetarian (≥12 months) |  |  |  |  |  | 0.002 | |
 yes | 195 (41.6) |  | 80 (34.3) |  | 115 (48.7) |  | |
 no | 274 (58.4) |  | 153 (65.7) |  | 121 (51.3) |  | |
Daily isoflavones intakea | 0–285 | 21.8 ± 21.3 | 0–88.5 | 17.2 ± 16 | 0–285 | 26.3 ± 24.7 | <0.001 |
Serum level | |||||||
 Albumin level (g/dL) | 2.4–5.0 | 3.99 ± 0.34 | 2.4–4.8 | 3.85 ± 0.36 | 3.1–5.0 | 4.12 ± 0.27 | 0.004 |
 Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 21–681 | 106.1 ± 62.8 | 21–438 | 107.5 ± 62.6 | 25–681 | 104.7 ± 63.1 | 0.628 |
 Estradiol (pg/ml) | 2.5–787 | 55.8 ± 92.6 | 2.5–693 | 50.3 ± 74.6 | 5.2–786.4 | 61.2 ± 107.4 | 0.205 |