Table 1 Demographic characteristics of participants by community at Time I and Time II

N

102

150

252

87

117

204

Age, M(SD)

8.19 (± 1.86)

7.89 (± 1.95)

8.01 (± 1.92)

8.67 (±1.83)

8.50 (±1.87)

8.57 (±1.85)

Females %

42.2%

56.0%

50.4%

37.9%

53.8%

47.1%

Mother’s Ethnicity n (%)

72/102 (71%)

115/150 (77%)

187/252 (74%)

59/87 (68%)

91/117 (78%)

150/204 (74%)

Hispanic/Mexican-American

98.6%

98.3%

98.4%

98.3%

100.0%

99.3%

White

1.4%

1.7%

1.6%

1.7%

0.0%

0.7%

Father’s Ethnicity n (%)

70/102 (69%)

109/150 (73%)

179/252 (71%)

57/87 (66%)

88/117 (75%)

146/204 (72%)

Hispanic/ Mexican-American

100.0%

93.6%

96.1%

100%

94.3%

95.9%

African American

0.0%

1.80%

1.1%

0.0%

1.1%

0.7%

Pacific Islander

0.0%

0.9%

0.6%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

White

0.0%

3.7%

2.2%

0.0%

4.5%

2.7%

Mother’s Education n (%)

73/102 (72%)

115/150 (77%)

188/252 (75%)

60/87 (69%)

91/117 (78%)

151/204 (74%)

Completed grades 1–6

5.9%

12.2%

10.6%

8.3%

14.3%

11.9%

Some high school

9.8%

20.9%

18.1%

16.7%

19.8%

18.5%

Graduated high school

30.4%

18.3%

27.7%

40.0%

17.6%

26.5%

Some college

19.6%

40.9%

35.7%

31.7%

39.6%

36.4%

Graduated college

2.9%

6.1%

5.3%

3.3%

6.6%

5.3%

Some graduate school

2.0%

0.0%

1.1%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

Completed graduate school

0.9%

0.0%

0.5%

0.0%

1.1%

0.7%

More than graduate school

0.0%

0.9%

0.5%

0.0%

1.1%

0.7%

Other (Certification)

0.0%

0.9%

0.5%

0.0%

0.0%

0.0%

Household Income n (%)

61/102 (60%)

97/150 (65%)

158/252 (63%)

49/87 (56%)

76/117 (65%)

125/204 (61%)

Median

$18,000

$18,000

$18,000

$18,000

$18,500

$18,000

Household Family Size n (%)

74/102 (73%)

116/150 (77%)

190/252 (75%)

61/87 (70%)

92/117 (79%)

153/204 (75%)

M (SD)

5.23 (±1.41)

5.14 (±1.44)

5.17 (± 1.42)

5.31 (±1.48)

5.20 (±1.50)

5.24 (±1.49)