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Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population

From: The relationship between multiple chronic diseases and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly populations: results of a 2009 korean community health survey of 156,747 participants

 

40-59 yr

≥60 yr

p a

 

(No. participants = 88,749)

(No. participants = 67,998)

 

n

%

n

%

 

Gender

     

 Men

42,961

48.41

28,734

42.26

<0.001

 Women

45,788

51.59

39,264

57.74

 

Marital status

     

 With spouse

72,945

82.19

43,552

64.05

<0.001

 Separated

4459

5.02

1746

2.57

 

 Divorced

4698

5.29

1081

1.59

 

 Widowed

3474

3.91

21,286

31.3

 

 Never married

3173

3.58

333

0.49

 

Employment

     

 No

4527

5.1

22,956

33.76

<0.001

 Yes

84,170

94.84

45,029

66.22

 

 Unknown

52

0.06

13

0.02

 

Occupational categories

     

 Manual

31,572

35.57

21,798

32.06

<0.001

 Non-manual

33,635

37.9

5012

7.37

 

 Unemployed/otherb

23,490

26.47

41,175

60.55

 

 Unknown

52

0.06

13

0.02

 

Education

     

 College or more

19,617

22.1

3384

4.98

<0.001

 High school

36,308

40.91

8389

12.34

 

 Middle school

16,603

18.71

8492

12.49

 

 Elementary School

13,192

14.86

23,112

33.99

 

 Non-educated

3029

3.41

24,621

36.21

 

Income (Korean 10,000won/month)c

 4.01 million won or more

17,966

20.24

4418

6.5

<0.001

 4 million won or less

11,184

12.6

3097

4.55

 

 3 million won or less

20,672

23.29

7242

10.65

 

 2 million won or less

21,260

23.96

13,571

19.96

 

 1 million won or less

14,562

16.41

37,459

55.09

 

 Unknown

3105

3.5

2211

3.25

 

Residence locationd

 County

27,708

31.22

32,409

47.66

<0.001

 Small city

26,235

29.56

17,741

26.09

 

 Middle city

9543

10.75

4137

6.08

 

 Metropolitan

25,263

28.47

13,711

20.16

 

No. of chronic diseases

 0

57,127

64.37

16,685

24.54

<0.001

 1

21,076

23.75

19,853

29.2

 

 2

7351

8.28

15,520

22.82

 

 3

2332

2.63

9505

13.98

 

4  or more

863

0.97

6435

9.46

 

Multiple chronic diseases

 No (chronic diseases 0–1)

78,203

88.12

36,538

53.73

<0.001

 Yes (chronic diseases ≥2)

10,546

11.88

31,460

46.27

 

Depressive symptoms

 No (CES-D-Ke 0–15)

80,234

90.41

56,219

82.68

<0.001

 Yes (CES-D-Ke ≥ 16)

8515

9.59

11,779

17.32

 

 CES-D-K (median, IQR)

3

1-3

5

2-12

<0.001

Depression diagnosed by physicians

 No

86,291

97.23

65,567

96.42

<0.001

 Yes

2458

2.77

2431

3.58

 
  1. aP-values were obtained using the chi-square or Mann Whitney U test with the CES-D-K scores
  2. bIncluding housewives
  3. cOne thousand won roughly equals one US dollar
  4. dCounty; population less than 50,000
  5. Small city; population more than 50,000
  6. Middle city; population more than 500,000
  7. Metropolitan; population more than 1,000,000
  8. eCES-D-K; Korean version of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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