Factors associated with secondhand smoke incursion into the homes of non-smoking residents in a multi-unit housing complex: a cross-sectional study in Seoul, Korea

Table 4 Factors associated with SHS incursion among non-smoking residents living in home with smoke-free rules^a

	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95% CI)^b	p-value	OR (95% CI)^c	p-value
Socio-demographic factor
Sex
Men	1.00		1.00
Women	1.23 (1.04–1.46)	0.018	1.11 (0.93–1.33)	0.242
Time spent at home (hours/day)
< 5	1.00		1.00
5–9	1.29 (1.05–1.58)	0.014	1.28 (1.05–1.57)	0.017
≥ 10	1.68 (1.32–2.14)	<0.001	1.60 (1.25–2.06)	<0.001
Children living in home (aged ≤18 years)
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.41 (1.19–1.67)	<0.001	1.40 (1.17–1.66)	<0.001
Support for the implementation of smoke-free regulations in MUH
No	1.00		1.00
Yes	1.43 (1.07–1.91)	0.017	1.47 (1.09–1.99)	0.011
Built environmental factor
Home size (m²)
< 66	1.00		1.00
66–98
OR 1^d	1.23 (0.93–1.63)	0.730	1.15 (0.87–1.53)	0.327
OR 2^e	1.16 (0.91–1.48)	0.224	1.05 (0.82–1.35)	0.690
OR 3^f	0.96 (0.74–1.24)	0.143	0.87 (0.67–1.13)	0.290
≥ 99
OR 1^d	1.03 (0.79–1.35)	0.835	0.95 (0.72–1.25)	0.695
OR 2^e	0.83 (0.66–1.06)	0.129	0.73 (0.57–0.94)	0.013
OR 3^f	0.66 (0.51–0.86)	0.002	0.59 (0.45–0.77)	<0.001
Method of natural ventilation
Opening windows	1.00		1.00
Opening front doors	1.46 (1.00–2.14)	0.051	1.59 (1.08–2.33)	0.018
Opening windows and front doors	1.32 (1.05–1.65)	0.017	1.27 (1.01–1.60)	0.038
Windows always slightly open	1.17 (0.96–1.44)	0.128	1.17 (0.95–1.45)	0.137
Frequency of natural ventilation (times/week)
< 5	1.00		1.00
≥ 5
OR 1^d	1.16 (0.93–1.46)	0.193	1.11 (0.88–1.40)	<0.001
OR 2^e	1.44 (1.18–1.76)	<0.001	1.41 (1.15–1.74)	0.001
OR 3^f	1.68 (1.33–2.12)	<0.001	1.64 (1.29–2.08)	<0.001

ORs with p < 0.05 are in bold
^aCumulative logistic models were used when the proportion odds assumption were retained and partial proportional odds models were used when the assumption was violated. Proportional odds assumption is violated for home size (p = 0.049) and frequency of natural ventilation (p = 0.019) but others were met the assumption (p > 0.05)
^bUnadjusted OR
^cAdjusted OR: adjusted for all variables listed in the table
^dOR 1: >4, 2–4, or ≤1 times/month vs. never
^eOR 2: >4 or 2–4 times/month vs. ≤1 times/month or never
^fOR 3: >4 times/month vs. 2–4 or ≤1 times/month or never

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